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- Snowball Fingers - a Manifestation of Atopic Dermatitis
- The Effect of Aerobic Endurance Training on Resting Blood Pressure
- What is Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines
Adolescent Psychiatry
- Care Pathways for Adolescents
  - Psychiatric Evaluation and Referral to Treatment of Adolescents
- Diseases and Treatments
- Special Problems of Adolescents
Alcohol and Substance Abuse
- Alcohol
- Doping
  - Steroid Doping
- Drugs of Abuse and Health
- Illegal Drugs and Prescription Drug Dependence
- Smoking
  - Smoking Cessation
  - The Most Important Known Health Risks of Smoking
Allergology
- Allergic General Reactions
  - Anaphylaxis
  - Angioedema
- Allergy - Investigations and Treatment
- Food Allergy
- Other Allergies Caused by External Factors
- Respiratory Allergy
- Skin Allergy
Cardiology
- Artificial Cardiac Pacing
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Cardiomyopathy
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
- ECG and other Examinations
- Heart Failure
- Heart Murmurs and Valvular Diseases
- Hypertension
- Investigation of Arrhytmias
  - Symptoms of Arrhythmia and Examination of an Arrhythmia Patient
- Myocardial, Endocardial and Pericardial Diseases
- Other Atrial Arrhytmias and Conduction Disorders
- Pulmonary Hypertension
  - Increased Pulmonary Blood Pressure: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
- Symptoms and Clinical Signs
- Vascular Surgery Diseases
- Venous Diseases
- Ventricular Arrhythmias
Child Health Clinics and School Health Services
- Examining Childhood Development at Child Health Clinics
- Problems and Abnormal Signs
- School and Student Health Services
  - Occupational Guidance in School Health Care
- Vaccinations and Pox Diseases
Clinical Pharmacology
- Guidelines for the Use of Pharmaceuticals
- Prophylactic Pharmacotherapy
Dermatology
- Bacterial Infections and Skin Rashes
- Dermatological Examination
- Eczema
- Keratotic Skin Diseases
- Other
- Sebaceous Gland Diseases
- Skin Neoplasms
- Symptoms
- Urticaria, Hypersensitivity and Angioedema
- Vesiculobullous Skin Diseases
  - Chronic Bullous Diseases (Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Pemphigoid)
- Viral, Parasitic and Bacterial Skin Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
- Definition and Social Questions
  - Diabetes: Definition, Differential Diagnosis and Classification
- Diabetes and Pregnancy
  - Antenatal Clinics and Specialist Care: Consultations, Referrals, Treatment Guidelines
  - Antenatal Clinics: Care and Examinations
- Diabetes Complications
- Diabetes in Children
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
  - Follow-Up of Type 1 Diabetes
  - Type 1 Diabetes: Treatment
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Emergency Care and Anaesthesiology
- Intoxications and Anaphylaxis
- Life-Threatening Injuries
- Other
- Other Emergency Care
  - Epiglottitis and Supraglottitis in an Adult
  - Treatment of a Prolonged Epileptic Seizure and Status Epilepticus
- Resuscitation and Airway Management
Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
- Adrenal Glands
- Dyslipidemias
- Electrolyte Imbalance
- Endocrinology Associated with Sex Hormones
- Obesity
- Osteoporosis and Disorders of Calcium Metabolism
- Other
- Thyroid Gland
- Use of Pharmaceuticals
Environmental Health Care
- Environmental Medicine
- Procedure Guides
  - Food Poisoning
Family Planning
- Contraception
- Infertility
  - Fertility Counselling
  - Infertility
Forensic Medicine
- Brain Death
- Domestic Violence
- Estimating the Time of Death
- Examination and Treatment of a Rape Victim
- Examination of Maltreatment Victims
- Guidelines Regarding Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy
- Identification and Management of Sexual Abuse of a Child
- Suspected Child Abuse: Identification and Actions
Gastroenterology
- Endoscopy and Ultrasonography
- Large Intestine and Rectum
- Liver and Bile
- Oesophagus, Stomach and Duodenum
- Other
- Pancreas
- Small Intestine
- Symptoms
General Practice
- Adolescents
  - Bullying at School
  - Marginalization of Adolescents
  - Pubertal Development and its Disturbances
  - The Adolescent and Long-Term Illness
- Child Health Clinics and Antenatal Clinics
  - A Crying Infant
  - Antenatal Clinics and Specialist Care: Consultations, Referrals, Treatment Guidelines
  - Antenatal Clinics: Care and Examinations
  - Breastfeeding: Advice and Difficulties
  - Children and Domestic Violence
  - Contraception: Initiation, Choice of Method and Follow-Up
  - Enuresis in a Child
  - Examination of Vision at Child Welfare Clinics
  - Heart Auscultation and Blood Pressure Recording in Children
  - Management of Delivery Outside Hospital
  - Medical Examinations at Child Welfare Clinics
  - Monitoring a Child of a Substance-Abusing Mother
  - Monitoring a Child's Psychological Development at Child Health Clinics
  - Physical Examination of the Newborn
- Children
  - Acute Abdominal Symptoms in Children
  - Acute Otitis Media in Children: Treatment, Follow-Up and Prevention
  - Appointment with the Family of a Neurologically Impaired and Disabled Child
  - Diarrhoea and Vomiting in Children
  - Excluding a Child with an Infection from Day Care
  - Fever in a Child
  - Innocent Limb Aches (Growing Pains) in Children
  - Laryngitis in Children
  - Suspected Child Abuse: Identification and Actions
  - Wounds and Abrasions in Children
- Clinical Examination
  - Assessment of Vision
  - Clinical Assessment of Memory Impairment
  - Clinical Diagnosis of Joint Inflammation in the Adult
  - Clinical Examination of Patients with Joint Inflammation in Primary Health Care
  - Eye Examination
  - Preoperative Assessment
  - Psychiatric Evaluation of an Adult
  - Recognition of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
  - The Role of Motivational Interviewing in Changing Lifestyles and in Treatment
- Common Infections
  - Acute Bronchitis
  - Acute Maxillary Sinusitis
  - Acute Otitis Media in Adults
  - Chlamydial Urethritis and Cervicitis
  - Common Cold in Adults
  - Conjunctivitis
  - Food Poisoning
  - Fungal Infections of the Mouth
  - Genital Herpes
  - Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
  - Otitis Externa
  - Sore Throat and Tonsillitis
  - Urinary Tract Infections
- Common Laboratory Examinations
  - Assessing a Patient with an Abnormal Liver Function Test Result
  - Assessment of Anaemia in Adults
  - Elevated Esr (Hypersedimentation)
  - Hyperkalaemia
  - Hypernatraemia
  - Hypokalaemia
  - Hyponatraemia
  - Incidental Glucosuria in Children
  - Increased Blood Creatinine Concentration, Egfr and Renal Function Tests
  - Interpretation of Urine Test Results in Children
  - Investigation of Synovial Fluid
  - Urinalysis and Bacterial Culture
- Cutaneous Symptoms
  - Dermatological Diagnosis at a Glance
  - Hair Loss and Balding
  - Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers
- Ear, Nose and Throat Symptoms
  - Ear Wax
  - Nasal Stuffiness
- Elderly Persons
  - Assessment of Functional Capacity in the Elderly
  - Choosing the Place of Care for an Elderly Patient with a Long-Term Illness
  - Falls of the Elderly
  - Infections in Old Age
  - Multimorbidity
  - Reviewing an Elderly Patient's Medications
  - Special Issues in Long-Term Care of Elderly Persons in Assisted Living Facilities
- Eye Symptoms
  - Adult Strabismus (Squint)
  - Dry Eye Syndrome
  - Pain in and around the Eye
  - Red Eye
  - Watering Eye
- Gastrointestinal Symptoms
  - Bad Breath
  - Dryness of the Mouth
  - Dyspepsia
  - Dysphagia and Globus Sensation (Globus Pharyngeus)
  - First Aid for Severe Dental Pain
  - Functional Bowel Disorders and the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
  - Lactose Intolerance
  - Motion Sickness
  - Nausea and Vomiting
  - Obstipation in the Adult
  - Unintentional Weight Loss in Adults
- General Practitioner - Therapeutic Procedures
  - Foreign Body in the Ear Canal
  - Irrigation of the External Auditory Canal
  - Skin Biopsy: Indications and Technique
  - Subunguinal Haematoma
- General Symptoms
  - Calf Pain
  - Chronic Pain
  - Fatigue
  - Hiccup
  - Leg Cramps
  - Leg Oedema
  - Long-Term Symptoms of Coronavirus Infection (Covid-19)
  - Prolonged Fever in the Adult
  - Pruritus
  - Restless Legs and Akathisia
  - Snoring
  - Vertigo
- Gynaecological Symptoms
  - Dysmenorrhoea
  - Premenstrual Syndrome (Pms)
- Musculoskeletal Symptoms
  - Buttock and Hip Pain
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Groin Pain
  - Heel Pain
  - Low Back Pain
  - Musculoskeletal Pain
  - Neck and Shoulder Pain
  - Osteoarthritis of the Hip and Knee
  - Painful Conditions of the Ankle and Foot in Adults
  - Painful Knee
  - Trochanteric Pain
- Neurological Symptoms
  - Eyelid Myokymia
  - Headache
  - Neurological Examination
- Pharmacotherapy
  - A Patient with Legal Drug Addiction in Primary Care
  - Drugs Used in Psychiatric Emergencies
  - Ecology of the Use of Antimicrobial Drugs
  - Guidelines for Antimicrobial Therapy
  - Long-Term Benzodiazepine Use and Withdrawal
  - Safe Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids)
  - Vitamins
- Prevention of Diseases
  - Assessment of an Obese Patient
  - Brief Interventions for Risky Use of Alcohol
  - Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment of Obesity
  - Exercise Counselling
  - Metabolic Syndrome
  - Problems of Childhood or Adolescence Cancer Survivors in Adulthood
  - Traveller's Infection Prophylaxis
  - Treatment and Prevention of Sports Injuries
  - Vaccinations
- Psychiatric Symptoms
  - A Patient with Psychosomatic Symptoms
- Respiratory Symptoms
  - Dyspnoea
  - Prolonged Cough in Adults
- Screening of Diseases
  - Population Screening for Cancer
  - Strategies and Priorities in Screening for Dyslipidaemia
- Sexual Health
  - Altering the Time of Menstruation
  - Dyspareunia in Women
  - Haematospermia
  - Sexual Pain
  - Vaginism
- Urological Symptoms
  - Poor Urine Flow
  - Urinary Frequency (Pollakiuria) and Nocturia
Geriatrics
- An Eldery Patient in the Health Care System
  - Choosing the Place of Care for an Elderly Patient with a Long-Term Illness
  - Special Issues in Long-Term Care of Elderly Persons in Assisted Living Facilities
- Clinical Problems in the Elderly
- Examinations
  - Assessment of Functional Capacity in the Elderly
  - Health Check for the Elderly
- Memory Disorders
Gynaecology
- Examinations
  - Gynaecological Ultrasound Examination
  - Pap (Cervical) Smear and Endometrial Biopsy
- Gynaecological Infections
- Mammary Gland
- Menopause
  - Menopausal Symptoms and Hormone Therapy
- Menstrual Disorders and Altering the Time of Menstruation
- Other
  - Excessive Hair Growth (Hirsutism)
- Symptoms and Diseases of Female Internal Genitalia
Haematology
- Benign Leukocyte Disorders
- Blood Transfusion
  - Blood Transfusion: Indications, Administration and Adverse Reactions
- Erythrocyte Disorders
- Haematologic Neoplasms in Adults
- Haematologic Tests
- Haemostasis and Coagulation Disorders
Infectious Diseases and Vaccinations
- Bacterial Infections
- Fungal Infections
- Infections in an Immunocompromised Patient
  - Infections in Immunosuppressed and Cancer Patients
- Infectious Disease Reporting
  - Epidemics Due to Contaminated Drinking Water
  - Excluding a Child with an Infection from Day Care
- Infectious Diseases in Adults
- Parasitic Infections
- Precautions and Isolation
  - Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Hospitals
  - Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Secretions
- Use of Antimicrobial Drugs
- Vaccinations
  - BCG Vaccine
  - Vaccinations
- Viral Infections
Infectious Diseases in Childhood
- Other Infections
- Otitis Media
- Pox Diseases
- Respiratory Tract Infections
- Symptoms and Clinical Signs
- Urinary Tract Infection
Intoxications and Anaphylaxis
- Identification of Illegal Drug Overdose and Diagnosis of Illegal Drug Poisoning
Malignant Neoplastic Diseases
- Breast Cancer and Gynaecological Cancers
- Digestive System Neoplasms
- Haematologic Malignancies
- Head and Neck Neoplasms
- Rare Cancers
  - Rare Endocrine Tumours
- Screening
- Skin, Bone and Connective Tissue Neoplasms
- Special Problems of Cancer Patients
- Thoracic Neoplasms
- Urologic Neoplasms
Medical Genetics
- Genetic Counselling
Minor Surgical Procedures
- Bite Wounds
- Burn Injuries
- Electrical Injuries
- Foreign Body in the Ear Canal
- Foreign Body in the Nose
- Frostbite Injuries
- Injuries of the Auricle
- Muscle Injuries
- Subunguinal Haematoma
- Treatment of Lower Extremity Ulcers
- Treatment of Traumatic Wounds and Wound Infections
- Wounds and Abrasions in Children
Musculoskeletal Diseases and Physical Medicine
- Lower Limb
- Pain
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
- Spine and Pelvis
- Syndromes
- Upper Limb
Nephrology
- Acute Kidney Injury
  - Acute Kidney Injury
  - Rhabdomyolysis
- Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis
- Examinations
- Glomerulonephritis and Nephrotic Syndrome
- Other
- Symptoms
- Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Neurology
- Brain Injuries and Neoplasms
- Cerebrovascular Disorders
- Diseases of Muscle and Neuromuscular Junction
- Epilepsy
  - Treatment of a Prolonged Epileptic Seizure and Status Epilepticus
  - Treatment of Epilepsy in Adults
- Headache
- Memory Diseases and Cognitive Disorders
- Multiple Sclerosis
  - Multiple Sclerosis (Ms)
- Neurological Examination
- Neurological Infections
- Parkinsons Disease and other Tremor Diseases
- Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
- Spinal Cord Injuries and Diseases
- Symptoms and Clinical Signs
Occupational Health Service
- Occupational Diseases
- Special Issues in Occupational Health Service
Ophthalmology
- Anterior Eye Diseases
- Eye Injuries
  - A Foreign Body on the Cornea
  - Ocular Injuries
- Eye Symptoms
- Eye Symptoms in other Diseases
- Eyelid Diseases
- Posterior Eye Diseases
- Vision
Oral and Dental Diseases
- Dental Diseases
- Diseases of the Oral Mucosa
- Other
  - Cleft Lip and Palate
  - Emergency Treatment of a Gingival Abscess
- Symptoms
Orphan Diseases
- Other Rare Diseases
Orthopaedics and Traumatology
- Burns and Frostbite Injuries
- Head and Facial Injuries
- Lower Limb Injuries
- Orthopaedics - Lower Limb
- Orthopeadics - Upper Limb
- Other
- Thorax, Torso and Pelvis
- Upper Limb Injuries
Otorhinolaryngology
- Disorders of Vestibular Function
- External Ear Diseases and Injuries
- Hearing
- Infections of Paranasal Sinuses
- Oral and Pharyngeal Diseases
- Other
  - Peripheral Facial Paralysis
  - Tracheostomy Care
- Pharyngeal Infections
- Rhinitis and other Nasal Diseases and Injuries
- Symptoms
Paediatric Psychiatry
- Child Protection
- Psychological Development of a Child
  - Learning Disorders
  - Monitoring a Child's Psychological Development at Child Health Clinics
- Symptoms, Diseases and Treatments
Paediatrics
- Acute Situations
- Arthritis and Vasculitis
- Atopy, Allergy and Asthma
- Developmental Disorders and Intellectual Disability
- Digestive System Diseases
- Paediatric Cardiology
- Paediatric Endocrinology
- Paediatric Haematology
- Paediatric Neurology
- Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology
- Paediatric Urology
  - Renal Disease in Children (Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome)
- Symptoms and Clinical Signs
Pregnancy and Delivery
- Complications during Pregnancy
- Delivery and Postpartum Period
- Pregnancy Follow-Up
Psychiatry
- Depression
- Medication and its Complications
- Neurotic, Stress-Related and Somatoform Disorders
- Psychiatric Evaluation and Psychological Symptoms
- Psychotherapy
- Psychotic Disorders
- Transsexualism
  - Non-Binary Gender Identity
  - Transgenderism
Pulmonary Diseases
- Disorders of Pulmonary Circulation
  - Increased Pulmonary Blood Pressure: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
  - Pulmonary Embolism
- Examinations
- Interstitial Lung Diseases
- Neoplasms and Pleural Diseases
- Obstructive Lung Diseases
- Pulmonary Infections
- Respiratory Regulation Disorders and Respiratory Insufficiency
- Smoking
  - Smoking Cessation
  - The Most Important Known Health Risks of Smoking
- Symptoms
Radiology
- Chest x-Ray Interpretation
- Clinical Use of Neuroradiological Imaging
- Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (Ccta)
- Determining the Volume of Residual Urine by Ultrasonography
- Diagnosis of Acute Sinusitis
- Echocardiography as an Outpatient Procedure
- Gynaecological Ultrasound Examination
- Incidental Findings on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Ultrasonographic Examinations
- Ultrasound Scanning during Pregnancy
Rehabilitation and Insurance Medicine
- Children and Adolescents
- Neurological Rehabilitation
- Other Chronic Diseases
- The Elderly
  - Assessment of Functional Capacity in the Elderly
  - Special Issues in Long-Term Care of Elderly Persons in Assisted Living Facilities
Rheumatology
- Gout and Pseudogout
  - Gout and Pseudogout
- Investigation of Arthritis
- Pharmacotherapy for Rheumatic Diseases
  - Local Glucocorticoid Injections in Soft Tissues and Joints
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis Surgery
- Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
- Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and Vasculitides
Sexual Health
- Chlamydial Urethritis and Cervicitis
- Domestic Violence
- Dyspareunia in Women
- Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)
- Female Sexual Disorders
- Genital Herpes
- Haematospermia
- HIV Infection
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
- Male Hypogonadism and Hormone Replacement
- Mycoplasma Genitalium Infection
- Non-Binary Gender Identity
- Premature or Delayed Ejaculation
- Rare Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chancres
- Sexual Pain
- Transgenderism
- Vaginism
- Viral Hepatitis
- Vulvodynia
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Chlamydial Urethritis and Cervicitis
- Genital Herpes
- Gonorrhoea
- HIV Infection
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
- Mycoplasma Genitalium Infection
- Rare Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chancres
- Syphilis
- Viral Hepatitis
Sports Medicine
- Acute Mountain Sickness
- Athlete's Heart
- Diving Medicine
- Exercise Counselling
- Muscle Compartment Syndromes
- Muscle Injuries
- Steroid Doping
- Treatment and Prevention of Sports Injuries
Travel Medicine
- Acute Diarrhoeal Disease in a Traveller
- Acute Mountain Sickness
- Air Travel and Illness
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria
- Fever in a Returning Traveller
- Marine Animal-Induced Injuries and Poisoning
- Motion Sickness
- Prolonged Abdominal Complaints in Travellers
- Skin Problems in Returning Travellers
- Traveller's Infection Prophylaxis
Urology
- Hypogonadism and Erectile Dysfunction
  - Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)
  - Male Hypogonadism and Hormone Replacement
- Penile and Testicular Diseases
- Prostatic Diseases
- Symptoms and Clinical Signs
- Urologic Neoplasms
What is Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines
- What is Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines
List of Abbreviations
- List of Abbreviations
EBM Guidelines Evidence Summaries
- EBM Guidelines Evidence Summaries
Level of Evidence and Strength of Recommendation: Criteria and Wording in EBM Guidelines Evidence Summaries
- Level of Evidence and Strength of Recommendation: Criteria and Wording in EBM Guidelines Evidence Summaries
Coronavirus Infections Latest Update by February 15, 2024
- Coronavirus Infections Latest Update by February 15, 2024

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Diabetes: Definition, Differential Diagnosis and Classification - Related Resources i