Skyscape Web Viewer : Yao & Artusio's Anesthesiology: Problem-Oriented Patient Management : Medication Index

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Abciximab
Acetaminophen
Acetazolamide A.8. How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease IOP? By what mechanism can osmotic agents decrease IOP? A.2. What is the underlying pathology?
Acetylcholine A.10. Are topically applied ophthalmic medications absorbed systemically? How can this absorption be reduced? Which eye drops can have effects that are of concern to the anesthesiologist? A.4. What is the mechanism of action of succinylcholine, and how is it metabolized? What are the side effects of succinylcholine? A.7. What treatments are available for a patient with MG? B.7. What is the mechanism of action of opioids? A.2. What is the etiology and pathophysiology of MG? A.6. How does myasthenic syndrome (Lambert-Eaton syndrome) differ from MG? B.7. Discuss the mechanism of action of magnesium sulfate therapy. C.10. Why is succinylcholine contraindicated in burned patients? For how long should it be avoided?
Acetylsalicylic acid
Activated Protein C D.2. Explain the pathophysiology of ARDS. A.6. What are the risk factors for developing preeclampsia? G.2. What is the adjunctive medical therapy for ARDS?
Acyclovir
Adenosine A.10. Why do patients with ESLD have abnormalities of hemostasis? A.5. What are the mechanisms of action of epinephrine and norepinephrine? B.1. What preoperative workup is desirable? B.5. What laboratory data are required? C.14. How would you administer 2-agonists? What is their mechanism of action in asthma? C.9. What mechanisms produce bronchodilation by volatile anesthetics? A.10. What is the pathophysiology of MH syndrome? A.4. What is cerebral blood flow (CBF), and what are its determinants? A.7. What are the neuroprotective effects of administering magnesium (Mg)? B.2. What is the role of cardiac stress testing and noninvasive coronary imaging for this patient? C.12. How might transmural pressure be decreased to allow for aneurysm clip placement? C.6. What are the specific considerations for anesthetic management and monitoring of the patient presenting for endovascular TAAA repair? D.4. What is junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET)?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone A.3. What are the less common manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma? A.8. What are the metabolic actions of the glucocorticoids and the mineralocorticoids? D.2. You have successfully treated the patient's massive hemorrhage. The laboratory values have returned to normal. The patient, however, is still hypotensive despite appropriate intravascular volume replacement and support with vasopressors. What is your concern in this case? A.7. What does the adrenal cortex secrete? A.8. What is an ileus? Discuss its causes and pathophysiology.
Albert Infectious Respiratory Disease in Infants and Children: Laryngotracheobronchitis A.5. Does the choice of analgesic technique influence postoperative outcome? Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Prematurity
Albumin
Albuterol C.13. In the middle of surgery, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) suddenly increases. How do you manage this? C.18. If the patient cannot be extubated, what measures can you take to reduce the likelihood of bronchospasm with an endotracheal tube in place? C.6. If this were an emergency surgery and rapid sequence induction is indicated, how would you induce anesthesia in this patient? A.5. What electrolyte imbalances occur in patients with impaired renal function, and how are they treated? C.14. How would you administer 2-agonists? What is their mechanism of action in asthma? C.2. The patient did not have an asthmatic attack in the operating room, and you proceed with induction of anesthesia. How would you induce anesthesia? Would you use a supraglottic airway device instead of an endotracheal tube?
Alfentanil C.6. What are the effects of anesthetics on the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), CBF, and ICP? With this in mind, how would you maintain anesthesia? C.5. How would you induce anesthesia? C.8. How does renal failure affect the pharmacology of opioids?
Alvimopan
Amicar
Amino acids A.6. What are the potential sources of pain in the spine? C.6. After delivery of the placenta in a cesarean delivery, what maneuvers and drugs can enhance myometrial contractility and therefore decrease blood loss?
Aminocaproic acid C.17. How is hyperfibrinolysis managed? C.20. What are the causes of excessive bleeding during TURP? C.9. Two hours later, estimated blood loss (EBL) is approximately 2 L and the patient has been resuscitated with 3 units of packed red blood cells (pRBCs), 229 mL intraoperative cell salvage (cell saver), and 500 mL albumin in addition to 4 L crystalloid. The surgeon says the field is still "oozy" and there is ongoing blood loss. What are your concerns for resuscitation moving forward? How will you guide your resuscitation? C.II-14. How do you prepare an intravenous (IV) infusion of sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine, and nitroglycerin? What are the usual doses? Which do you prefer to use? C.2. Discuss the indications and use of available antifibrinolytic drugs. What dose should be given? Describe the side effects of antifibrinolytic therapy. C.8. Why does a coagulopathy ensue and how is it prevented/treated? C.I-17. What antifibrinolytic will you use to reduce blood transfusions?
Amiodarone C.II-14. How do you prepare an intravenous (IV) infusion of sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine, and nitroglycerin? What are the usual doses? Which do you prefer to use? D.4. What is junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET)? C.II-33. How would you defibrillate the heart internally during CPB? D.9. What are the causes of early graft failure?
Amitriptyline A.3. How should drug dosages be adjusted for older patients? Should any particular medications be avoided? B.6. Are there any psychiatric medications he is taking that would impact your anesthetic care? B.12. When would you consider adjuvant analgesics as part of the treatment plan?
Ammonium chloride
Ampicillin A.3. How should you manage the patient after an aspiration event? D.1. How long should this patient remain intubated? What criteria determine extubation time? B.10. What preoperative medications, if any, would you give this patient? D.2. Additional bleeding occurs in the postanesthesia care unit, and the obstetrician diagnoses retained placenta. What, if any, antibiotics are indicated to prevent endometritis after manual extraction of retained placenta?
Amrinone
Antithrombin A.10. Why do patients with ESLD have abnormalities of hemostasis? C.21. What concentrated factors and hemostatic agents are available for bleeding patients? B.4. What hematologic changes occur during pregnancy? C.II-1. What anticoagulant would you give before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)? How much would you give? What is its mechanism?
antithrombin III C.II-1. What anticoagulant would you give before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)? How much would you give? What is its mechanism? C.III-1. How would you reverse heparin? How much protamine would you use? What are the other drugs used to neutralize heparin?
Anti-thymocyte globulin A.9. How are immunosuppressive drugs managed in kidney transplant recipients? D.6. What immunosuppressive agents will be given after liver transplantation? What are the major side effects? D.1. What are the major complications after lung transplantation?
APD
Aprepitant B.5. Would you premedicate this patient? C.8. What components of ERAS are applied in the intraoperative phase of the care of patients undergoing CRS? B.11. What is an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, and how would you apply it in the outpatient setting? B.6. Describe the mechanism of action of each premedication in the ENERGY protocol. D.2. How would you pharmacologically prevent PONV in the susceptible ambulatory patient?
Aprotinin B.8. Explain the technical and physiologic principles behind rotational thromboelastometry. C.I-17. What antifibrinolytic will you use to reduce blood transfusions? C.22. What is thromboelastometry? How can it guide transfusion?
ASA
Atenolol A.14. What is the mechanism of action of the major antihypertensive drugs? A.3. What implications does the use of atenolol have on the patient's coexisting medical condition? Brachial Plexus Block Electroconvulsive Therapy A.6. Which perioperative medical therapies would you employ to reduce the incidence of myocardial ischemia? C.9. Would this patient benefit from the use of -blockers? Ischemic Heart Disease and Noncardiac Surgery