Skyscape Web Viewer : Overview: Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision-Making

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- About
- Asthma
- Authors
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
- Candidiasis
- Crohn Disease
- Flowchart - Classification of Chronic Fatigue Patients
- Flowchart - Proposed Algorithm for Evaluating Women with Symptoms of Acute UTI
- Hirsutism & Virilization
- HIV Infection & AIDS: Complications
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)
- Increased Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Preface
Commonly Used Acronyms & Abbreviations
- Commonly Used Acronyms & Abbreviations
Year in Review
- Part 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
  - 1-08. Cancer Prevention
- Part 10. Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Disease, & Other Key Topics in Cardiology
  - 10-21. Tricuspid Regurgitation
  - 10-24. Coronary Heart Disease (Atherosclerotic CAD, Ischemic Heart Disease)
  - 10-28. Acute Mi with ST-Segment Elevation
- Part 11. Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy
  - 11-01. Heart Failure
  - 11-08. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Part 12. Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm
  - 12-08. Atrial Fibrillation
  - 12-15. Syncope
- Part 13. Systemic Hypertension
  - 13-04. Drug Therapy: Current Antihypertensive Agents
- Part 15. Blood Disorders
  - 15-13. Sickle Cell Anemia & Related Syndromes
  - 15-19. Cold Agglutinin Disease
  - 15-26. Primary Myelofibrosis
  - 15-30. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
  - 15-31. Hairy Cell Leukemia
  - 15-32. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- Part 16. Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy
  - 16-11. Antithrombotic Therapy
- Part 17. Gastrointestinal Disorders
  - 17-15. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
  - 17-19. Benign Esophageal Lesions
  - 17-35. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Part 18. Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders
  - 18-10. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
  - 18-19. Benign Liver Neoplasms
  - 18-26. Acute Pancreatitis
- Part 19. Breast Disorders
  - 19-07. Carcinoma of the Female Breast
- Part 20. Gynecologic Disorders
  - 20-15. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Salpingitis, Endometritis)
  - 20-20. Carcinoma of the Endometrium
- Part 25. Urologic Disorders
  - 25-08. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
- Part 26. Nervous System Disorders
  - 26-15. 2. Parkinson Disease
  - 26-16. Dementia
  - 26-18. Stupor & Coma
  - 26-20. Multiple Sclerosis
  - 26-31. Polyneuropathies & Mononeuritis Multiplex
  - 26-37. Myopathic Disorders
- Part 27. Psychiatric Disorders
  - 27-05. Anxiety Disorders
  - 27-18. Alcohol Use Disorder (Aud)
- Part 28. Endocrine Disorders
  - 28-09. Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)
  - 28-11. Thyroid Nodules & Multinodular Goiter
  - 28-12. Thyroid Cancer
  - 28-19. Osteoporosis
- Part 29. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia
  - 29-01. Diabetes Mellitus
- Part 3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
  - 3-06. Perioperative Hematologic Evaluation
- Part 31. Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders, & Obesity
  - 31-04. Obesity
- Part 33. HIV Infection & AIDS
  - 33-05. HIV Infection & AIDS: Prevention
  - 33-06. HIV Infection & AIDS: Treatment
- Part 34. Viral & Rickettsial Infections
  - 34-02. 2. Varicella (Chickenpox) & Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
  - 34-03. 1. Measles
  - 34-03. 2. Mumps
  - 34-03. 3. Rubella
  - 34-04. 8. Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)
  - 34-05. 3. Dengue
  - 34-07. 3. Seasonal Influenza
  - 34-10. Viruses & Gastroenteritis
  - 34-12. 3. Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi Fever)
  - 34-14. 2. Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetii Infection)
  - 34-15. Kawasaki Disease
- Part 35. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections
  - 35-09. Infective Endocarditis
  - 35-25. Plague
  - 35-29. Mycoplasma Genitalium
- Part 36. Spirochetal Infections
  - 36-11. Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis)
- Part 37. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections
  - 37-01. African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
  - 37-03. Leishmaniasis
  - 37-33. Onchocerciasis
- Part 4. Geriatric Disorders
  - 4-04. 1. Dementia
- Part 41. Cancer
  - 41-03. Bronchogenic Carcinoma
  - 41-06. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  - 41-07. Carcinoma of the Biliary Tract
  - 41-10. Gastric Adenocarcinoma
  - 41-17. Prostate Cancer
  - 41-18. Bladder Cancer
- Part 43. Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
  - 43-03. 2. Spinal Stenosis
  - 43-03. 3. Lumbar Disc Herniation
  - 43-03. 4. Neck Pain
  - 43-03. Spine Problems
  - 43-05. 1. Hip Fractures
- Part 6. Dermatologic Disorders
  - 6-32. Scabies
  - 6-38. Psoriasis
- Part 9. Pulmonary Disorders
  - 9-07. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  - 9-12. Pneumonia
  - 9-14. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Part 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
- 1-01. General Approach to the Patient
- 1-02. Health Maintenance & Disease Prevention
- 1-03. Prevention of Infectious Diseases
- 1-04. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
- 1-05. Prevention of Osteoporosis
- 1-06. Prevention of Physical Inactivity
- 1-07. Prevention of Overweight & Obesity
- 1-08. Cancer Prevention
- 1-09. Prevention of Injuries & Violence
- 1-10. Prevention of Substance Use Disorders: Alcohol & Illicit Drugs
Part 2. Common Symptoms
- 2-01. Overview: Common Symptoms
- 2-02. Cough
- 2-03. Dyspnea
- 2-04. Hemoptysis
- 2-05. Chest Pain
- 2-06. Palpitations
- 2-07. Lower Extremity Edema
- 2-08. Fever & Hyperthermia
- 2-09. Involuntary Weight Loss
- 2-10. Fatigue & Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome)
- 2-11. Acute Headache
- 2-12. Dysuria
Part 3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
- 3-01. Overview: Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
- 3-02. Evaluation of the Asymptomatic Patient
- 3-03. Cardiac Risk Assessment & Reduction in Noncardiac Surgery
- 3-04. Pulmonary Evaluation in Non-Lung Resection Surgery
- 3-05. Evaluation of the Patient with Liver Disease
- 3-06. Perioperative Hematologic Evaluation
- 3-07. Neurologic Evaluation
- 3-08. Nonpharmacologic Management of Perioperative & Postoperative Pain & Anxiety
- 3-09. Management of Endocrine Diseases
- 3-10. Kidney Disease
- 3-11. Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infections
Part 4. Geriatric Disorders
- 4-01. Overview: Geriatric Disorders
- 4-02. General Principles of Geriatric Care
- 4-03. Comprehensive Assessment of the Older Adult
- 4-04. Management of Common Geriatric Problems
Part 5. Palliative Care & Pain Management
- 5-01. Definition & Scope
- 5-02. Palliation of Common Nonpain Symptoms
- 5-03. Dyspnea
- 5-04. Nausea & Vomiting
- 5-05. Constipation
- 5-06. Fatigue
- 5-07. Delirium & Agitation
- 5-08. Depression & Anxiety
- 5-09. Communication
- 5-10. Caring for Patients at the End of Life
- 5-11. Tasks After Death
- 5-12. Taxonomy of Pain
- 5-13. Acute Pain
- 5-14. Chronic Noncancer Pain
- 5-15. Cancer Pain
- 5-16. Pain at the End of Life
- 5-17. Principles of Pain Management
- 5-18. Pharmacologic Pain Management Strategies
Part 6. Dermatologic Disorders
- 6-01. Overview: Dermatologic Disorders
- 6-02. Principles of Dermatologic Therapy
- 6-03. Melanocytic Nevi (Normal Moles)
- 6-04. Atypical Nevi
- 6-05. Blue Nevi
- 6-06. Freckles & Lentigines
- 6-07. Seborrheic Keratoses
- 6-08. Malignant Melanoma
- 6-09. Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
- 6-10. Actinic Keratoses
- 6-11. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- 6-12. Basal Cell Carcinoma
- 6-13. Kaposi Sarcoma
- 6-14. Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides)
- 6-15. Bowen Disease & Paget Disease
- 6-16. Fungal Infections of the Skin
- 6-17. Tinea Corporis or Tinea Circinata
- 6-18. Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)
- 6-19. Tinea Manuum & Tinea Pedis (Tinea of Palms & Soles)
- 6-20. Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor)
- 6-21. Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
- 6-22. Intertrigo
- 6-23. Herpes Simplex (Cold or Fever Sore; Genital Herpes)
- 6-24. Molluscum Contagiosum
- 6-25. Warts
- 6-26. Impetigo
- 6-27. Folliculitis (Including Sycosis)
- 6-28. Furunculosis (Boils) & Carbuncles
- 6-29. Cellulitis
- 6-30. Erysipelas
- 6-31. Erythema Migrans
- 6-32. Scabies
- 6-33. Pediculosis
- 6-34. Skin Lesions Due to Other Arthropods
- 6-35. Erythema Nodosum
- 6-36. Atopic Dermatitis
- 6-37. Lichen Simplex Chronicus (Circumscribed Neurodermatitis)
- 6-38. Psoriasis
- 6-39. Pityriasis Rosea
- 6-40. Seborrheic Dermatitis
- 6-41. Lichen Planus
- 6-42. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
- 6-43. Contact Dermatitis
- 6-44. Pompholyx
- 6-45. Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
- 6-46. Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- 6-47. Pemphigus
- 6-48. Bullous Pemphigoid
- 6-49. Acne Vulgaris
- 6-50. Rosacea
- 6-51. Hidradenitis Suppurativa
- 6-52. Miliaria (Heat Rash)
- 6-53. Urticaria & Angioedema
- 6-54. Erythema Multiforme/Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
- 6-55. Exfoliative Dermatitis (Exfoliative Erythroderma)
- 6-56. Photodermatitis
- 6-57. Drug Eruption (Dermatitis Medicamentosa)
- 6-58. Pruritus
- 6-59. Anogenital Pruritus
- 6-60. Pigmentary Disorders
- 6-61. Alopecia
- 6-62. Nail Disorders
Part 7. Disorders of the Eyes & Lids
- 7-01. Symptoms of Ocular Disease
- 7-02. Ocular Examination
- 7-03. Ophthalmologic Referrals
- 7-04. Refractive Errors
- 7-05. Hordeolum
- 7-06. Chalazion
- 7-07. Blepharitis
- 7-08. Entropion & Ectropion
- 7-09. Tumors of the Lids
- 7-10. Dacryocystitis
- 7-11. Conjunctivitis
- 7-12. Pinguecula & Pterygium
- 7-13. Corneal Ulcer
- 7-14. Infectious Keratitis
- 7-15. Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- 7-16. Chronic Glaucoma
- 7-17. Uveitis
- 7-18. Cataract
- 7-19. Retinal Detachment
- 7-20. Vitreous Hemorrhage
- 7-21. Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- 7-22. Central & Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions
- 7-23. Central & Branch Retinal Artery Occlusions
- 7-24. Transient Monocular Visual Loss
- 7-25. Retinal Disorders Associated with Systemic Diseases
- 7-26. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
- 7-27. Optic Neuritis
- 7-28. Optic Disk Swelling
- 7-29. Cranial Nerve Palsies
  - 7-29. Cranial Nerve Palsies
  - 7-30. Orbital Cellulitis
  - 7-31. Ocular Trauma
  - 7-32. Uv Keratitis (Actinic Keratitis)
  - 7-33. Chemical Conjunctivitis & Keratitis
  - 7-34. Treatment of Ocular Disorders
  - 7-35. Principles of Treatment of Ocular Infections
  - 7-36. Precautions in Management of Ocular Disorders
  - 7-37. Adverse Ocular Effects of Systemic Drugs
  - Thyroid Eye Disease (Graves Ophthalmopathy)
Part 8. Otolaryngology Disorders
- 8-01. Hearing Loss
- 8-02. Diseases of the Auricle
- 8-03. Diseases of the Ear Canal
- 8-04. Diseases of the Eustachian Tube
- 8-05. Diseases of the Middle Ear
- 8-06. Earache
- 8-07. Diseases of the Inner Ear
- 8-08. Diseases of the Central Auditory & Vestibular Systems
- 8-09. Otologic Manifestations of AIDS
- 8-10. Infections of the Nose & Paranasal Sinuses
- 8-11. Allergic Rhinitis
- 8-12. Olfactory Dysfunction
- 8-13. Epistaxis
- 8-14. Nasal Trauma
- 8-15. Tumors & Granulomatous Disease
- 8-16. Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, Lichen Planus, & Oropharyngeal Cancer
- 8-17. Oral Candidiasis
- 8-18. Glossitis, Glossodynia, & Burning Mouth Syndrome
- 8-19. Intraoral Ulcerative Lesions
- 8-20. Pharyngitis & Tonsillitis
- 8-21. Peritonsillar Abscess & Cellulitis
- 8-22. Deep Neck Infections
- 8-23. Snoring
- 8-24. Acute Inflammatory Salivary Gland Disorders
- 8-25. Chronic Inflammatory & Infiltrative Disorders of the Salivary Glands
- 8-26. Salivary Gland Tumors
- 8-27. Hoarseness & Stridor
- 8-28. Common Laryngeal Disorders
- 8-29. Masses of the Larynx
- 8-30. Vocal Fold Paralysis
- 8-31. Cricothyrotomy & Tracheostomy
- 8-32. Foreign Bodies in the Trachea & Bronchi
- 8-33. Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus
- 8-34. Diseases Presenting as Neck Masses
- 8-35. Congenital Lesions Presenting as Neck Masses in Adults
- 8-36. Infectious & Inflammatory Neck Masses
- 8-37. Cancer Metastases
- 8-38. Lymphoma
Part 9. Pulmonary Disorders
- 9-01. Physical Examination
- 9-02. Pulmonary Function Tests
- 9-03. Disorders of the Airways
- 9-04. Disorders Of the Upper Airways
- 9-05. Disorders of the Lower Airways
- 9-06. Asthma
- 9-07. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 9-08. Bronchiectasis
- 9-09. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- 9-10. Cystic Fibrosis
- 9-11. Bronchiolitis
- 9-12. Pneumonia
- 9-13. Pulmonary Infiltrates in Immunocompromised Patients
- 9-14. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
- 9-15. Pulmonary Disease Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
- 9-16. Screening for Lung Cancer
- 9-17. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
- 9-18. Right Middle Lobe Syndrome
- 9-19. Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors
- 9-20. Mediastinal Masses
- 9-21. Interstitial Lung Disease (Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease)
- 9-22. Diffuse Interstitial Pneumonias
- 9-23. Sarcoidosis
- 9-24. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
- 9-25. Eosinophilic Pulmonary Syndromes
- 9-26. Pulmonary Venous Thromboembolism
- 9-27. Pulmonary Hypertension
- 9-28. Pulmonary Vasculitis
- 9-29. Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
- 9-30. Smoke Inhalation
- 9-31. E-Cigarette or Vaping Product-Associated Lung Injury
- 9-32. Pulmonary Aspiration Syndromes
- 9-33. Occupational Pulmonary Diseases
- 9-34. Medication-Induced Lung Disease
- 9-35. Radiation Lung Injury
- 9-36. Pleuritis
- 9-37. Pleural Effusion
- 9-38. Pneumothorax
- 9-39. Disorders of Control of Ventilation
- 9-40. Hyperventilation Syndromes
- 9-41. Primary Alveolar Hypoventilation
- 9-42. Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome (Pickwickian Syndrome)
- 9-43. Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
- 9-44. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- 9-45. Acute Respiratory Failure
- 9-46. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 9-47. Lung Transplantation
Part 10. Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Disease, & Other Key Topics in Cardiology
- 10-01. Common Symptoms
- 10-02. Functional Classification of Heart Disease
- 10-03. Signs of Heart Disease
- 10-04. Diagnostic Testing
- 10-05. Noninvasive Diagnostic Imaging for Noncoronary Heart Disease
- 10-06. Cardiac Catheterization & Angiography
- 10-07. Adult Congenital Heart Disease
- 10-08. Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
- 10-09. Coarctation of the Aorta
- 10-10. Atrial Septal Defect & Patent Foramen Ovale
- 10-11. Ventricular Septal Defect
- 10-12. Tetralogy of Fallot
- 10-13. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- 10-14. Valvular Heart Disease
- 10-15. Mitral Stenosis
- 10-16. Mitral Regurgitation
- 10-17. Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome
- 10-18. Aortic Stenosis
- 10-19. Aortic Regurgitation
- 10-20. Tricuspid Stenosis
- 10-21. Tricuspid Regurgitation
- 10-22. Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation
- 10-23. Management of Anticoagulation for Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves
- 10-24. Coronary Heart Disease (Atherosclerotic CAD, Ischemic Heart Disease)
- 10-25. Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris (Chronic Coronary Syndromes)
- 10-26. Coronary Vasospasm & Angina or Mi with Normal Coronary Arteriograms
- 10-27. Acute Coronary Syndromes Without ST-Segment Elevation
- 10-28. Acute Mi with ST-Segment Elevation
- 10-29. Rheumatic Fever
- 10-30. Anatomic & Physiologic Considerations
- 10-31. Acute Inflammatory Pericarditis
- 10-32. Pericardial Effusion & Tamponade
- 10-33. Constrictive Pericarditis
- 10-34. Pulmonary Hypertension & Pulmonary Heart Disease
- 10-35. Primary Cardiac Tumors
- 10-36. Secondary Cardiac Tumors
- 10-37. Cardiac Involvement in Miscellaneous Systemic Diseases
- 10-38. Traumatic Heart Disease
- 10-39. Risk of Noncardiac Surgery in the Cardiac Patient
- 10-40. Heart Disease & Pregnancy
- 10-41. Cardiovascular Changes During Pregnancy
- 10-42. Management of Preexisting Conditions During Pregnancy
- 10-43. Cardiovascular Complications of Pregnancy
  - 1. Cardiomyopathy of Pregnancy (Peripartum Cardiomyopathy)
  - 10-43. Cardiovascular Complications of Pregnancy
  - 10-44. Cardiovascular Screening of Athletes
  - 2. Coronary Artery & Aortic Vascular Abnormalities During Pregnancy
  - 3. Management of Labor
Part 11. Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy
- 11-01. Heart Failure
- 11-02. Acute Heart Failure & Pulmonary Edema
- 11-03. Infectious Myocarditis
- 11-04. Noninfectious Myocarditis
- 11-05. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- 11-06. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
- 11-07. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- 11-08. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Part 12. Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm
- 12-01. Disorders of Rate & Rhythm
- 12-02. Mechanisms of Arrhythmias
- 12-03. Techniques for Evaluating Rhythm Disturbances
- 12-04. Sinus Arrhythmia, Bradycardia, & Tachycardia
- 12-05. AV Block
- 12-06. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
- 12-07. PSVT Due to Accessory AV Pathways (Preexcitation Syndromes)
- 12-08. Atrial Fibrillation
- 12-09. Atrial Flutter
- 12-10. Atrial Tachycardia
- 12-11. Ventricular Premature Beats (Ventricular Extrasystoles)
- 12-12. Ventricular Tachycardia
- 12-13. Ventricular Fibrillation & Sudden Death
- 12-14. Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes
- 12-15. Syncope
Part 13. Systemic Hypertension
- 13-01. Overview: Systemic Hypertension
- 13-02. How is Blood Pressure Measured & Hypertension Diagnosed?
Part 14. Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders
- 14-01. Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease
- 14-02. Occlusive Disease: Aorta & Iliac Arteries
- 14-03. Occlusive Disease: Femoral & Popliteal Arteries
- 14-04. Occlusive Disease: Tibial & Pedal Arteries
- 14-05. Acute Arterial Occlusion of a Limb
- 14-06. Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease
- 14-07. Visceral Artery Insufficiency (Intestinal Angina)
- 14-08. Acute Mesenteric Vein Occlusion
- 14-09. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)
- 14-10. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
- 14-11. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
- 14-12. Peripheral Artery Aneurysms
- 14-13. Aortic Dissection
- 14-14. Varicose Veins
- 14-15. Superficial Venous Thrombophlebitis
- 14-16. Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- 14-17. Superior Vena Caval Obstruction
- 14-18. Lymphangitis & Lymphadenitis
- 14-19. Lymphedema
- 14-20. Shock
Part 15. Blood Disorders
- 15-01. Anemias
- 15-02. Iron Deficiency Anemia
- 15-03. Anemia of Chronic Disease
- 15-04. The Thalassemias
- 15-05. Sideroblastic Anemia
- 15-06. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
- 15-07. Folic Acid Deficiency
- 15-08. Pure Red Blood Cell Aplasia
- 15-09. Hemolytic Anemias
- 15-10. Hereditary Spherocytosis
- 15-11. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- 15-12. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- 15-13. Sickle Cell Anemia & Related Syndromes
- 15-14. Sickle Cell Trait
- 15-15. Sickle Thalassemia
- 15-16. Hemoglobin C Disorders
- 15-17. Unstable Hemoglobins
- 15-18. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- 15-19. Cold Agglutinin Disease
- 15-20. Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias
- 15-21. Aplastic Anemia
- 15-22. Neutropenia
- 15-23. Leukemias & Other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- 15-24. Polycythemia Vera
- 15-25. Essential Thrombocytosis
- 15-26. Primary Myelofibrosis
- 15-27. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- 15-28. Myelodysplastic Neoplasms
- 15-29. Acute Leukemia
- 15-30. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- 15-31. Hairy Cell Leukemia
- 15-32. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- 15-33. Hodgkin Lymphoma
- 15-34. Plasma Cell Myeloma
- 15-35. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
- 15-36. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
- 15-37. Amyloidosis
- 15-38. Stem Cell & Immune Cell Therapeutics
- 15-39. Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
- 15-40. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
- 15-41. Immune Effector Cell Therapy-Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (Car-T)
- 15-42. Blood Transfusions
- 15-43. RBC Transfusions
- 15-44. Platelet Transfusions
- 15-45. Transfusion of Plasma Components
  - 15-45. Transfusion of Plasma Components
  - Transfusion of Plasma Components
Part 16. Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy
- 16-01. Overview of Hemostasis
- 16-03. Decreased Platelet Production
- 16-04. Increased Platelet Destruction
- 16-05. Other Conditions Causing Thrombocytopenia
- 16-08. Congenital Disorders of Coagulation
- 16-09. Acquired Disorders of Coagulation
- 16-11. Antithrombotic Therapy
Part 17. Gastrointestinal Disorders
- 17-01. Dyspepsia
- 17-02. Nausea & Vomiting
- 17-03. Hiccups
- 17-04. Constipation
- 17-05. Gastrointestinal Gas
- 17-06. Diarrhea
- 17-07. Gi Bleeding
- 17-19. Benign Esophageal Lesions
- 17-20. Esophageal Motility Disorders
- 17-22. Gastritis & Gastropathy
- 17-24. Complications of Peptic Ulcer Disease
- 17-27. Malabsorption
- 17-28. Intestinal Motility Disorders
- 17-35. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 17-36. Diverticular Disease of the Colon
- 17-39. Hereditary Colorectal Cancer & Polyposis Syndromes
Part 18. Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders
- 18-01. Jaundice & Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Biochemical Tests
- 18-02. Acute Hepatitis A
- 18-03. Acute Hepatitis B
- 18-04. Acute Hepatitis C & Other Causes of Acute Viral Hepatitis
- 18-06. Chronic Viral Hepatitis
- 18-22. Pre- & Postcholecystectomy Syndromes
Part 19. Breast Disorders
- 19-01. Fibrocystic Condition
- 19-02. Fibroadenoma of the Breast
- 19-03. Nipple Discharge
- 19-04. Fat Necrosis
- 19-05. Breast Abscess
- 19-06. Disorders of the Augmented Breast
- 19-07. Carcinoma of the Female Breast
- 19-08. Carcinoma of the Male Breast
Part 20. Gynecologic Disorders
- 20-01. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Persons of Reproductive Age
- 20-02. Postmenopausal Uterine Bleeding
- 20-03. Leiomyoma of the Uterus (Fibroid Tumor)
- 20-04. Cervical Polyps
- 20-05. Pelvic Pain
- 20-10. Contraception & Family Planning
Part 21. Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders
- 21-01. Diagnosis of Pregnancy
- 21-02. Essentials of Prenatal Care
- 21-03. Nutrition in Pregnancy
- 21-04. Prevention of Rhesus Alloimmunization
- 21-05. Lactation
- 21-17. Medical Conditions Complicating Pregnancy
- 21-18. Infectious Conditions Complicating Pregnancy
Part 22. Rheumatologic, Immunologic, & Allergic Disorders
- 22-01. Rheumatologic Disorders
- 22-02. Osteoarthritis
- 22-03. Crystal Deposition Arthritis
- 22-53. Immediate Hypersensitivity
- 22-55. Adverse Drug Reactions
- 22-56. Delayed Drug Hypersensitivity
- 22-57. Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders in Adults
Part 23. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
- 23-01. Assessment of the Patient for Electrolyte and Fluid Disorders
- 23-02. Hyponatremia
- 23-03. Hypernatremia
- 23-04. Hypokalemia
- 23-05. Hyperkalemia
- 23-06. Disorders of Calcium Concentration
- 23-07. Hypocalcemia
- 23-08. Hypercalcemia
- 23-09. Disorders of Phosphorus Concentration
- 23-10. Hypophosphatemia
- 23-11. Hyperphosphatemia
- 23-12. Disorders of Magnesium Concentration
- 23-13. Hypomagnesemia
- 23-14. Hypermagnesemia
- 23-15. Acid-Base Disorders
- 23-16. Metabolic Acidosis
- 23-17. Increased Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- 23-18. Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- 23-19. Metabolic Alkalosis
- 23-20. Respiratory Acidosis (Hypercapnia)
- 23-21. Respiratory Alkalosis
- 23-22. Fluid Management
Part 24. Kidney Disease
- 24-01. Assessment of Kidney Disease
- 24-02. Imaging Studies of the Kidney
- 24-14. Nephritic Spectrum Glomerular Diseases
Part 25. Urologic Disorders
- 25-01. Urologic Evaluation
- 25-03. Genitourinary Tract Infections
- 25-08. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  - 25-08. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  - Cancers of the Genitourinary Tract
Part 26. Nervous System Disorders
- 26-01. Headache
- 26-02. Facial Pain
- 26-09. Stroke
- 26-10. Aneurysms & Vascular Malformations
- 26-11. Intracranial & Spinal Mass Lesions
- 26-14. Selected Neurocutaneous Diseases
- 26-15. Movement Disorders
- 26-18. Stupor & Coma
- 26-31. Polyneuropathies & Mononeuritis Multiplex
- 26-32. Mononeuropathies
- 26-34. Discogenic Neck Pain
- 26-35. Brachial & Lumbar Plexus Lesions
- 26-36. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission
- 26-37. Myopathic Disorders
Part 27. Psychiatric Disorders
- 27-01. Psychiatric Assessment
- 27-02. Treatment Approaches for Psychiatric Treatment Disorders
- 27-03. Psychiatric Adjustment Disorders
- 27-15. Sleep-Wake Disorders
- 27-19. Other Drug & Substance Use Disorders
Part 28. Endocrine Disorders
- 28-01. Anterior Hypopituitarism
- 28-02. Central Diabetes Insipidus
- 28-03. Acromegaly & Gigantism
- 28-04. Hyperprolactinemia
- 28-05. Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas
- 28-06. Diseases of the Thyroid Gland: Thyroid Testing
- 28-07. Thyroiditis
- 28-08. Hypothyroidism & Myxedema
- 28-09. Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)
- 28-10. Thyroid Eye Disease
- 28-11. Thyroid Nodules & Multinodular Goiter
- 28-12. Thyroid Cancer
- 28-13. Iodine Deficiency Disorder & Endemic Goiter
- 28-14. Diseases of the Parathyroids
- 28-15. Hypoparathyroidism & Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- 28-16. Hyperparathyroidism
- 28-17. Metabolic Bone Disease
- 28-18. Osteopenia
- 28-19. Osteoporosis
- 28-20. Rickets & Osteomalacia
- 28-21. Paget Disease Of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)
- 28-22. Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison Disease)
- 28-23. Cushing Syndrome (Hypercortisolism)
- 28-24. Primary Aldosteronism
- 28-25. Pheochromocytoma & Paraganglioma
- 28-26. Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Masses
- 28-27. Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs) & Carcinoid Tumors
- 28-28. MEN Types 1-4
  - 1. MEN 1
  - 2. MEN 2 (Formerly MEN 2A)
  - 28-28. MEN Types 1-4
  - 28-29. Other Syndromes of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
  - 28-30. Male Hypogonadism
  - 28-31. Cryptorchism
  - 28-32. Gynecomastia
  - 28-33. Hirsutism & Virilization
  - 28-34. Primary Amenorrhea
  - 28-35. Secondary Amenorrhea
  - 28-36. Menopause
  - 3. MEN 3 (Formerly MEN 2B)
  - 4. MEN 4
- 28-37. Turner Syndrome (Gonadal Dysgenesis)
  - 1. Classic Turner Syndrome (45,XO Gonadal Dysgenesis)
  - 2. Turner Syndrome Variants
  - 28-37. Turner Syndrome (Gonadal Dysgenesis)
  - 28-38. Clinical Use of Corticosteroids
Part 29. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia
- 29-01. Diabetes Mellitus
- 29-02. Diabetic Coma
- 29-03. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- 29-04. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
- 29-05. Lactic Acidosis
- 29-06. The Hypoglycemic States
- 29-07. Hypoglycemia Due to Pancreatic B-Cell Tumors
- 29-08. Nonislet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia
- 29-09. Postprandial Hypoglycemia
- 29-10. Factitious Hypoglycemia
  - 29-10. Factitious Hypoglycemia
  - Factitious Hypoglycemia
- 29-11. Hypoglycemia Due to Insulin Receptor Antibodies
  - 29-11. Hypoglycemia Due to Insulin Receptor Antibodies
  - Hypoglycemia Due to Insulin Receptor Antibodies
- 29-12. Medication- & Ethanol-Induced Hypoglycemia
  - 29-12. Medication- & Ethanol-Induced Hypoglycemia
  - Medication- & Ethanol-Induced Hypoglycemia
Part 30. Lipid Disorders
- 30-01. Overview: Lipid Disorders
- 30-02. Lipids & Lipoproteins
- 30-03. Lipoproteins & Atherogenesis
- 30-04. Lipid Fractions & The Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
- 30-05. Therapeutic Effects of Lowering Cholesterol
- 30-06. Secondary Conditions that Affect Lipid Metabolism
- 30-07. Lipid Disorders: Clinical Presentations
- 30-08. Screening & Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol
- 30-09. Treatment of High LDL Cholesterol
- 30-10. High Blood Triglycerides
Part 31. Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders, & Obesity
- 31-01. Nutritional Requirements
- 31-02. Assessment of Nutritional Status
- 31-15. Vitamin B6 Toxicity
Part 32. Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy
- 32-01. Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
- 32-02. Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient
- 32-03. Health Care-Associated Infections
- 32-04. Infections of the Central Nervous System
- 32-05. Animal & Human Bite Wounds
- 32-06. Sexually Transmitted Infections
- 32-07. Infections in Persons Who Inject Drugs
- 32-08. Acute Infectious Diarrhea
- 32-09. Infectious Diseases in the Returning Traveler
- 32-10. Traveler's Diarrhea
- 32-11. Selected Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
- 32-12. Hypersensitivity
- 32-13. Recommended Immunization for Adults
Part 33. HIV Infection & AIDS
- 33-01. Overview: HIV Infection & AIDS
- 33-02. HIV Infection & AIDS: Clinical Findings
- 33-03. HIV Infection & AIDS: Differential Diagnosis
- 33-04. HIV Infection & AIDS: Complications
- 33-05. HIV Infection & AIDS: Prevention
- 33-06. HIV Infection & AIDS: Treatment
- 33-07. HIV Infection & AIDS: Course & Prognosis
Part 34. Viral & Rickettsial Infections
- 34-01. Overview: Viral & Rickettsial Infections
- 34-02. Human Herpesviruses
- 34-03. Major Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections
- 34-04. Other Neurotropic Viruses
- 34-05. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- 34-06. Other Systemic Viral Diseases
- 34-07. Common Viral Respiratory Infections
- 34-09. Poxviruses & Other Exanthematous Viral Infections
- 34-11. Enteroviruses that Produce Several Syndromes
- 34-12. Typhus Group
- 34-13. Spotted Fevers
- 34-14. Other Rickettsial & Rickettsial-Like Diseases
Part 35. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections
- 35-01. Streptococcal Infections
- 35-02. Pneumococcal Infections
- 35-04. Staphylococcus Aureus Infections
- 35-05. Clostridial Diseases
- 35-17. Salmonellosis
- 35-32. Anaerobic Infections
- 35-35. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases
- 35-40. Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections
Part 36. Spirochetal Infections
- 36-01. Natural History & Principles of Diagnosis & Treatment
- 36-02. Course & Prognosis
- 36-03. Clinical Stages of Syphilis
Part 37. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections
- 37-01. African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
- 37-02. American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
- 37-03. Leishmaniasis
- 37-04. Malaria
- 37-05. Babesiosis
- 37-06. Toxoplasmosis
- 37-07. Amebiasis
- 37-08. Infections with Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebas
- 37-18. Noninvasive Cestode Infections
- 37-19. Invasive Cestode Infections
Part 38. Mycotic Infections
- 38-01. Overview: Mycotic Infections
- 38-02. Candidiasis
- 38-03. Histoplasmosis
- 38-04. Coccidioidomycosis
- 38-05. Pneumocystosis (Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia)
- 38-06. Cryptococcosis
- 38-07. Aspergillosis
- 38-08. Mucormycosis
- 38-09. Blastomycosis
- 38-10. Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis)
- 38-11. Sporotrichosis
- 38-12. Talaromyces (Formerly Penicillium) Marneffei Infections
- 38-13. Chromoblastomycosis (Chromomycosis)
- 38-14. Mycetoma (Eumycetoma & Actinomycetoma)
- 38-15. Emergomycosis
- 38-16. Other Opportunistic Mold Infections
- 38-17. Household Molds
- 38-18. Antifungal Therapy
Part 39. Disorders Related to Environmental Emergencies
- 39-01. Cold & Heat
- 39-02. Disorders Due to Heat
- 39-03. Accidental Systemic Hypothermia
- 39-04. Hypothermia of the Extremities
- 39-05. Frostnip & Chilblain (Erythema Pernio)
- 39-06. Immersion Foot or Trench Foot
- 39-07. Frostbite
- 39-08. Cold Urticaria
- 39-09. Drowning
- 39-10. Thermal Burns
- 39-11. Electrical Injury
- 39-12. Radiation Exposure
- 39-13. Acute & Delayed Effects of Radiation Exposure on Normal Tissues
- 39-14. Dysbarism & Decompression Sickness
- 39-15. High-Altitude Illness
Part 40. Poisoning
- 40-01. Initial Evaluation: Poisoning or Overdose
- 40-02. Poisoning or Overdose-Related: The Symptomatic Patient
- 40-03. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Coma
- 40-04. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Hypothermia
- 40-05. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Hypotension
- 40-06. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Hypertension
- 40-07. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Arrhythmias
- 40-08. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Seizures
- 40-09. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Hyperthermia
- 40-10. Antidotes
- 40-11. Decontamination of the Skin
- 40-12. Decontamination of the Eyes
- 40-13. Gastrointestinal Decontamination
- 40-14. Diagnosis of Poisoning
- 40-15. Acetaminophen Overdose
- 40-16. Acids, Corrosive Poisoning
- 40-17. Alkalies Poisoning
- 40-18. Amphetamines & Cocaine Overdose
- 40-19. Anticoagulants Overdose
- 40-20. Anticonvulsants Overdose
- 40-21. Antipsychotic Drugs Overdose
- 40-22. Arsenic Poisoning
- 40-23. Atropine & Anticholinergics Overdose
- 40-24. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Overdose
- 40-25. Calcium Channel Blockers Overdose
- 40-26. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- 40-27. Chemical Warfare: Nerve Agents
- 40-28. Chemical Warfare: Ricin
- 40-29. Chlorinated Insecticides Poisoning
- 40-30. Clonidine & Other Sympatholytic Antihypertensives Overdose
- 40-31. Cyanide Poisoning
- 40-32. Dietary Supplements & Herbal Products Overdose
- 40-33. Digitalis & Other Cardiac Glycosides Overdose
- 40-34. Ethanol, Benzodiazepines, & Other Sedative-Hypnotic Agents Overdose
- 40-35. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Overdose
- 40-36. Hypoglycemic Drugs Overdose
- 40-37. Iron Overdose
- 40-38. Isoniazid Overdose
- 40-39. Lead Poisoning
- 40-40. Lithium Poisoning
- 40-41. LSD & Other Hallucinogens Overdose
- 40-42. Marijuana & Synthetic Cannabinoids
- 40-43. Mercury Poisoning
- 40-44. Methanol & Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
- 40-45. Methemoglobinemia-Inducing Agents Poisoning
- 40-46. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Overdose
- 40-47. Mushrooms Poisoning
- 40-48. Opiates & Opioids Overdose
- 40-49. Paraquat Poisoning
- 40-50. Pesticides: Cholinesterase Inhibitors Poisoning
- 40-51. Petroleum Distillates & Solvents Poisoning
- 40-52. Quinidine & Related Antiarrhythmics Overdose
- 40-53. Salicylates Overdose
- 40-54. Seafood Poisonings
- 40-55. Snake Bites
- 40-56. Spider Bites & Scorpion Stings
- 40-57. Theophylline & Caffeine Overdose
- 40-58. Tricyclic & Other Antidepressants Overdose
Part 41. Cancer
- 41-01. Introduction to Cancer
- 41-02. The Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- 41-03. Bronchogenic Carcinoma
- 41-04. Pulmonary Metastasis
- 41-05. Mesothelioma
- 41-06. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- 41-07. Carcinoma of the Biliary Tract
- 41-08. Carcinoma of the Pancreas & Ampulla of Vater
- 41-09. Esophageal Cancer
- 41-10. Gastric Adenocarcinoma
- 41-11. Gastric Lymphoma
- 41-12. Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors
- 41-13. Gastrointestinal Mesenchymal Tumors
- 41-14. Malignancies of the Small Intestine
- 41-31. Toxicity & Dose Modification of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Part 42. Genetic & Genomic Disorders
- 42-01. Overview: Genetic & Genomic Disorders
- 42-02. Genes & Chromosomes
- 42-03. Genetic Variation
- 42-04. Genes in Individuals
- 42-05. Genes in Families
- 42-06. Disorders of Multifactorial Causation
- 42-07. Chromosomal Aberrations
- 42-08. The Techniques of Medical Genetics
- 42-09. Family History & Pedigree Analysis
- 42-10. Cytogenetics & Cytogenomics
- 42-11. Biochemical Genetics
- 42-12. Dna Analysis
- 42-13. Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders
- 42-14. Neoplasia: Cytogenomic & Dna Analysis
- 42-15. Evolution of Gene Therapy
- 42-16. Acute Intermittent Porphyria
- 42-17. Down Syndrome
- 42-18. Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- 42-19. Fragile X Syndrome
- 42-20. Gaucher Disease
- 42-21. Disorders of Homocysteine Metabolism
- 42-22. Klinefelter Syndrome
- 42-23. Marfan Syndrome
- 42-24. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
- 42-25. Selected Pharmacogenetic Tests: Clinical Relevance
Part 43. Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
- 43-01. General Approach to Musculoskeletal Injuries
- 43-02. Musculoskeletal Injuries of the Shoulder
- 43-03. Spine Problems
- 43-04. Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries
- 43-05. Musculoskeletal Injuries of the Hip
- 43-06. Musculoskeletal Injuries of the Knee
- 43-07. Ankle Injuries
- 43-08. Educational Materials for Nonsurgical Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
Part 44. Sexual & Gender Minority Health
- 44-01. Health Care for Sexual & Gender Minority Patients
- 44-02. Health Care for Lesbian & Bisexual Women
- 44-03. Health Care for Gay & Bisexual Men
- 44-04. Health Care for Transgender & Gender Diverse People
  - 44-04. Health Care for Transgender & Gender Diverse People
  - Terminology
Part 45. Substance Use Disorders
- 45-01. Overview: Substance Use Disorders
- 45-02. Opioids: Introduction
- 45-03. Opioid Intoxication & Overdose
- 45-04. Opioid Withdrawal
- 45-05. Opioid Use Disorder
Part E1. Anti-Infective Treatment: Antibiotic, Antifungal, and Antiviral Agents
- e1-01. Penicillins
- e1-02. Cephalosporins
- e1-03. Other Beta-Lactam Medications
- e1-04. Erythromycin Group (Macrolides)
- e1-05. Tetracycline Group
- e1-07. Aminoglycosides
- e1-09. Lefamulin
- e1-13. Sulfonamides & Antifolate Medications
- e1-14. Sulfones
- e1-15. Bacitracin, Mupirocin, Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Vancomycin, & Bezlotoxumab
- e1-19. Quinolones
- e1-21. Urinary Antiseptics
- e1-22. Antifungal Medications
- e1-23. Antiviral Medications
Part E2. Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision-Making
- e2-01. Overview: Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision-Making
- e2-02. Benefits, Risks, & Costs of Diagnostic Tests
- e2-03. Diagnostic Test Preparation
- e2-04. Diagnostic Test Characteristics
- e2-06. Likelihood Ratios & Odds-Probability Conversion in Medical Decision-Making
Part E3. Information Technology in Patient Care
- e3-01. Overview: Information Technology in Patient Care
- e3-02. Patient Confidentiality & Information Technology
- e3-03. Clinical Uses of Email
- e3-04. Electronic Health Records
- e3-05. Computerized Provider Order Entry
- e3-06. Clinical Decision Support & Artificial Intelligence
- e3-07. Social Media & Online Presence in Clinical Practice
- e3-08. Telemedicine
Part E4. Podiatric Disorders
- e4-01. Bunion
- e4-02. Hammertoe
- e4-03. Hallux Limitus
- e4-04. Fifth Metatarsal Fracture
- e4-05. Morton Neuroma
- e4-06. Onychocryptosis (Ingrown Nail)
- e4-10. Flatfoot (Pes Planus)
Part E5. Women's Health Issues
- e5-01. Overview: Women's Health Issues
- e5-02. Preventive Health Care in Women
- e5-03. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women
- e5-04. Cancer Prevention in Women
- e5-05. Osteoporosis Prevention in Women
- e5-06. Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women
- e5-08. Intimate Partner Violence
- e5-09. Human Trafficking
- e5-10. Eating Disorders in Women
Part E6. Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Laboratory Reference Intervals, & Commonly Used Blood Specimen Collection Tubes
- e6-01. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
- e6-02. Reference Intervals for Commonly Used Tests
- e6-03. Commonly Used Blood Specimen Collection Tubes
Front Matter
- Authors
- Preface

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Overview: Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision-Making i