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Harrison's Manual of Medicine
Causes of Ischemic Stroke
Table of Contents
Free Topics
Calculator - Anion Gap
Calculator - Calculated Osmolality
Computed Tomography
Figure - Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE) Calculation in Kcal/D, Estimated by the Harris and Benedict Formula
Figure - Normal Chest Radiograph-Review of Anatomy
Flowchart - The Diagnostic Approach to Hypokalemia - Flowchart
Flowchart - The Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia - Flowchart
Hyperkalemia
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia
Metabolic Acidosis
Preparatory Work
Radionuclide Imaging
Table - Causes of Hypokalemia
Table - Treatment of Hyperkalemia
Section 1. Care of the Hospitalized Patient
1. Electrolytes/Acid-Base Balance
âMixedâ Disorders - Acid-Base Disorders
1. Electrolytes/Acid-Base Balance
1-1. Osmoregulation Versus Volume Regulation - T
1-1. The Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia - F
1-2. Correction of Hypernatremia - T
1-2. The Diagnostic Approach to Hypokalemia - F
1-3. Causes of Hypokalemia - T
1-3. The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia - F
1-4. Causes of Hyperkalemia - T
1-4. Diagrammatic ECGs at Normal and High Serum K - F
1-5. Nomogram Showing Bands for Uncomplicated Respiratory or Metabolic Acid-Base Disturbances in Intact Subjects - F
1-5. Treatment of Hyperkalemia - T
1-6. Metabolic Acidosis - T
1-6. The Diagnostic Approach to Metabolic Alkalosis - F
Acid-Base Disorders
Acute Symptomatic Hyponatremia - Hyponatremia - Sodium
Euvolemic Hyponatremia - Hyponatremia - Sodium
Hyperkalemia - Potassium
Hypernatremia - Sodium
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia - Hyponatremia - Sodium
Hypokalemia - Potassium
Hyponatremia - Sodium
Hypovolemic Hyponatremia - Hyponatremia - Sodium
Metabolic Acidosis - Acid-Base Disorders
Metabolic Alkalosis - Acid-Base Disorders
Potassium
Respiratory Acidosis - Acid-Base Disorders
Respiratory Alkalosis - Acid-Base Disorders
Sodium
2. Diagnostic Imaging in Internal Medicine
2. Diagnostic Imaging in Internal Medicine
2-1. Normal Chest Radiograph-Review of Anatomy - F
Abdominal Radiography
Chest Radiography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Radionuclide Imaging
Ultrasound
3. Procedures Commonly Performed by Internists
3. Procedures Commonly Performed by Internists
3-1. in Thoracentesis, the Needle is Passed over the Top of the Rib to Avoid the Neurovascular Bundle - F
3-2. Proper Positioning of a Pt in the Lateral Decubitus Position - F
Lumbar Puncture
Paracentesis
Postprocedure - Lumbar Puncture
Postprocedure - Paracentesis
Postprocedure - Thoracentesis
Preparatory Work - Paracentesis
Preparatory Work - Thoracentesis
Specimen Collection - Lumbar Puncture
Specimen Collection - Paracentesis
Specimen Collection - Thoracentesis
Technique - Lumbar Puncture
Technique - Paracentesis
Technique - Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis
4. Principles of Critical Care Medicine
4. Principles of Critical Care Medicine
4-1. Approach to Pt in Shock - F
Initial Evaluation of the Critically Ill Patient
Limitation or Withdrawal of Care
Mechanical Ventilatory Support
Monitoring in the ICU
Multiorgan System Failure
Neurologic Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients
Prevention of Critical Illness Complications
Shock
5. Pain and Its Management
5. Pain and Its Management
5-1. Characteristics of Somatic and Neuropathic Pain - T
5-1. Pain Transmission and Modulatory Pathways - F
5-2. Drugs for Relief of Pain - T
Acute Somatic Pain
Chronic Pain
Pathophysiology: Organization of Pain Pathways
6. Assessment of Nutritional Status
6. Assessment of Nutritional Status
6-1. Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE) Calculation in Kcal/D, Estimated by the Harris and Benedict Formula - F
6-1. Ideal Weight for Height - T
Clinical Features - Malnutrition
Etiology - Malnutrition
Malnutrition
7. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition
7. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition
7-1. Decision-Making for the Implementation of Specialized Nutrition Support (SNS) - F
7-1. Therapy for Common Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies - T
Enteral Nutrition
Parenteral Nutrition
Specific Micronutrient Deficiency
8. Transfusion and Pheresis Therapy
8. Transfusion and Pheresis Therapy
8-1. Risks of Transfusion Complications - T
Autologous Transfusion - Transfusions
Complications - Red Blood Cell Transfusion - Transfusions
Indications - Plasmapheresis - Therapeutic Hemapheresis
Leukapheresis - Therapeutic Hemapheresis
Other Indications - Red Blood Cell Transfusion - Transfusions
Plasmapheresis - Therapeutic Hemapheresis
Platelet Transfusion - Transfusions
Plateletpheresis - Therapeutic Hemapheresis
Red Blood Cell Transfusion - Transfusions
Red Cell Exchange - Transfusions
Therapeutic Hemapheresis
Transfusion of Plasma Components - Transfusions
Transfusions
Whole Blood Transfusion - Transfusions
9. Palliative and End-of-Life Care
9. Palliative and End-of-Life Care
9-1. Common and Uncommon Clinical Courses in the Last Days of Terminally ill Pts - F
9-1. Common Physical and Psychological Symptoms of Terminally Ill Patients - T
9-2. Medications for the Management of Constipation - T
9-3. Medications for the Management of Dyspnea - T
9-4. Medications for the Management of Delirium - T
9-5. Managing Changes in the Patient's Condition during the Final Days and Hours - T
Advance Directives
Care during the Last Hours
Constipation - Physical Symptoms and Their Management
Delirium - Physical Symptoms and Their Management
Depression - Physical Symptoms and Their Management
Dyspnea - Physical Symptoms and Their Management
Fatigue - Physical Symptoms and Their Management
Nausea - Physical Symptoms and Their Management
Pain - Physical Symptoms and Their Management
Physical Symptoms and Their Management
Section 1. Care of the Hospitalized Patient
Section 2. Medical Emergencies
10. Cardiovascular Collapse and Sudden Death
10. Cardiovascular Collapse and Sudden Death
10-1. Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death - T
10-1. Major Steps in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - F
10-2. Management of Cardiac Arrest - F
10-3. The Algorithms for Bradyarrhythmia/Asystole (Left) or Pulseless Electrical Activity (Right) are Dominated First by Continued Life Support and a Search for Reversible Causes - F
Follow-Up
Management of Cardiac Arrest
11. Shock
11. Shock
11-1. An Algorithm for the Resuscitation of the Pt in Shock - F
11-1. Categories of Shock - T
11-2. Physiologic Characteristics of Forms of Shock - T
11-3. Vasopressors Used in Shock States - T
Septic Shock
12. Sepsis and Septic Shock
12. Sepsis and Septic Shock
12-1. Initial Antimicrobial Therapy for Severe Sepsis with No Obvious Source in Adults with Normal Renal Function - T
Clinical Features
Definitions
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Etiology
Laboratory Findings - Clinical Features
Local and Systemic Host Responses - Pathophysiology
Major Complications - Clinical Features
Organ Dysfunction and Shock - Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Prevention
Prognosis
13. Acute Pulmonary Edema
13. Acute Pulmonary Edema
13-1. Precipitants of Acute Pulmonary Edema - T
13-2. Common Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - T
Laboratory
Physical Findings
14. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
14. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
14-1. Algorithm for the Initial Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) - F
Clinical Course and Pathophysiology
Definition and Etiology
Outcomes
15. Respiratory Failure
15. Respiratory Failure
15-1. Clinical Characteristics of Commonly Used Modes of Mechanical Ventilation - T
Definition and Classification of Respiratory Failure
Management of Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
16. Confusion, Stupor, and Coma
16. Confusion, Stupor, and Coma
16-1. Common Etiologies of Delirium - T
16-2. Stepwise Evaluation of A Patient with Delirium - T
16-3. Differential Diagnosis of Coma - T
Brain Death
Coma
Delirium
History - Coma
Immediate Assessment - Coma
Neurologic Examination - Coma
Ocular Movements - Coma
Pupillary Signs - Coma
Radiologic Examination - Coma
Respiratory Patterns - Coma
Responsiveness - Coma
17. Stroke
17. Stroke
17-1. Anatomic Localization in Stroke - T
17-1. Medical Management of Stroke and TIA - F
17-2. Causes of Intracranial Hemorrhage - T
17-3. Administration of Intravenous rtPA for AIS - T
17-4. Causes of Ischemic Stroke - T
17-5. Recommendations on Chronic Use of Antithrombotics for Various Cardiac Conditions - T
Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Anticoagulation
Anticoagulation Therapy for Noncardiogenic Stroke - Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Antiplatelet Agents
Antiplatelet Agents - Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Carotid Revascularization - Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Clinical Features
Embolic Stroke - Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Endovascular Revascularization
Evaluation: Determining the Cause of Stroke
Intracranial Hemorrhage - Clinical Features
Intravenous Thrombolysis
Ischemic Stroke - Clinical Features
Lacunar Syndromes (Small-Vessel Strokes) - Clinical Features
Neuroprotection
Pathophysiology
Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Risk Factors - Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Stroke Centers and Rehabilitation
18. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
18. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
18-1. Grading Scales for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - T
Aneurysm Repair
Clinical Presentation
Hydrocephalus
Initial Evaluation
Medical Management
Vasospasm
19. Increased Intracranial Pressure and Head Trauma
19. Increased Intracranial Pressure and Head Trauma
19-1. Stepwise Approach to Treatment of Elevated ICP - T
19-1. Types of Cerebral Herniation - F
19-2. Glasgow Coma Scale for Head Injury - T
19-2. Intracranial Pressure (ICP) and Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitoring - F
Clinical Features - Head Trauma
Clinical Features - Increased Intracranial Pressure
Head Trauma
Increased Intracranial Pressure
20. Spinal Cord Compression
20. Spinal Cord Compression
Neoplastic Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal Epidural Abscess
Spinal Epidural Hematoma
21. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
21. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Clinical Manifestations
22. Status Epilepticus
22. Status Epilepticus
22-1. Pharmacologic Treatment of Generalized Tonic-Clonic Status Epilepticus (SE) in Adults - F
Clinical Features
Etiology
Prognosis
23. Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Coma
23. Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Coma
23-1. Laboratory Values in DKA and HHS (Representative Ranges at Presentation) - T
23-2. Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis - T
Clinical Features - Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Clinical Features - Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Etiology - Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Etiology - Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
24. Hypoglycemia
24. Hypoglycemia
24-1. Diagnostic Approach to a Pt with Suspected Hypoglycemia Based on a History of Symptoms, a Low Plasma Glucose Concentration, or Both - F
24-1. Diagnostic Interpretation of Hypoglycemia - T
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Etiology
25. Oncologic Emergencies
25. Oncologic Emergencies
25-1. Management of Cancer Pts with Back Pain - F
Adrenal Insufficiency - Emergent Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Emergent Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Fever and Neutropenia - Treatment Complications
Hypercalcemia - Emergent Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Pericardial Effusion/Tamponade - Structural/Obstructive Oncologic Emergencies
SIADH - Emergent Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Spinal Cord Compression - Structural/Obstructive Oncologic Emergencies
Structural/Obstructive Oncologic Emergencies
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome - Structural/Obstructive Oncologic Emergencies
Treatment Complications
Tumor Lysis Syndrome - Treatment Complications
26. Anaphylaxis
26. Anaphylaxis
Clinical Presentation
Definition
Diagnosis
Prevention
27. Bites, Venoms, Stings, and Marine Poisonings
27. Bites, Venoms, Stings, and Marine Poisonings
27-1. Management of Wound Infections Following Animal and Human Bites - T
Arthropod Bites and Stings
Cat Bites - Mammalian Bites
Ciguatera - Marine Poisonings
Dog Bites - Mammalian Bites
Human Bites - Mammalian Bites
Hymenoptera Stings
Invertebrates - Marine Envenomations
Mammalian Bites
Marine Envenomations
Marine Poisonings
Other Nonhuman Mammalian Bites - Mammalian Bites
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning - Marine Poisonings
Recluse Spider Bites - Spider Bites - Arthropod Bites and Stings
Scombroid - Marine Poisonings
Scorpion Stings
Spider Bites - Arthropod Bites and Stings
Tick Bites and Tick Paralysis - Arthropod Bites and Stings
Venomous Snakebites
Vertebrates - Marine Envenomations
Widow Spider Bites - Spider Bites - Arthropod Bites and Stings
Section 2. Medical Emergencies
Section 3. Common Patient Presentations
28. Fever, Hyperthermia, and Rash
28. Fever, Hyperthermia, and Rash
28-1. Structured Approach to Pts with Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - F
Fever
Fever of Unknown Origin
Hyperthermia
29. Generalized Fatigue
29. Generalized Fatigue
29-1. Potential Causes of Generalized Fatigue - T
29-2. CDC Criteria for Diagnosis of CFS - T
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
30. Weight Loss
30. Weight Loss
30-1. Causes of Weight Loss - T
30-2. Screening Tests for Evaluation of Involuntary Weight Loss - T
Clinical Features
Etiology
31. Chest Pain
31. Chest Pain
31-1. Differential Diagnoses of Patients Admitted to Hospital with Acute Chest Pain Ruled not Myocardial Infarction - T
31-1. Differential Diagnosis of Recurrent Chest Pain - F
31-2. Differential Diagnosis of Serious Conditions that Cause Acute Chest Pain - F
32. Palpitations
Acute Myocardial Infarction - Potentially Serious Causes
Acute Pericarditis - Potentially Serious Causes
Aortic Dissection - Potentially Serious Causes
Chest Wall Pain - Less Serious Causes
Costochondral Pain - Less Serious Causes
Emotional Disorders - Less Serious Causes
Esophageal Pain - Less Serious Causes
Less Serious Causes
Mediastinal Emphysema - Potentially Serious Causes
Myocardial Ischemia: Angina Pectoris - Potentially Serious Causes
Other Causes
Pleurisy - Potentially Serious Causes
Potentially Serious Causes
Pulmonary Embolism - Potentially Serious Causes
33. Dyspnea
33. Dyspnea
33-1. An Algorithm for the Evaluation of the Pt with Dyspnea - F
Cardiovascular System Dyspnea - Causes
Causes
Definition
Dyspnea with Normal Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems - Causes
Pulmonary Edema - Causes
Respiratory System Dyspnea - Causes
34. Cyanosis
34. Cyanosis
34-1. Causes of Cyanosis - T
Central Cyanosis
Peripheral Cyanosis
35. Cough and Hemoptysis
35. Cough and Hemoptysis
35-1. An Algorithm for the Evaluation of Hemoptysis - F
Clinical Assessment - Cough
Clinical Assessment - Hemoptysis
Cough
Etiology - Cough
Etiology - Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis
36. Edema
36. Edema
36-1. Diagnostic Approach to Edema - F
36-1. Drugs Associated with Edema Formation - T
36-2. Diuretics for Edema - T
36-3. Complications of Diuretics - T
Definition
Generalized Edema - Definition
Localized Edema - Definition
37. Abdominal Pain
37. Abdominal Pain
37-1. Some Important Causes of Abdominal Pain - T
Acute, Catastrophic Abdominal Pain
Brief History and Physical Examination - Acute, Catastrophic Abdominal Pain
Characteristic Features of Abdominal Pain
Diagnostic Strategies - Acute, Catastrophic Abdominal Pain
38. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion
38. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion
38-1. Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - T
Complications - Nausea and Vomiting
Etiology - Nausea and Vomiting
Evaluation - Indigestion
Evaluation - Nausea and Vomiting
Indigestion
Natural History - Indigestion
Nausea and Vomiting
Pathophysiology - Indigestion
Pathophysiology - Nausea and Vomiting
39. Dysphagia
39. Dysphagia
39-1. Approach to the Pt with Dysphagia - F
Achalasia - Esophageal Motility Disorders
Candida Esophagitis - Esophageal Inflammation
Dysphagia
Eosinophilic Esophagitis - Esophageal Inflammation
Esophageal Dysphagia - Dysphagia
Esophageal Inflammation
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Evaluation - Esophageal Motility Disorders
Evaluation - Esophageal Motility Disorders
Evaluation - Noncardiac Chest Pain
Noncardiac Chest Pain
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia - Dysphagia
Other Causes of Esophagitis in AIDS - Esophageal Inflammation
Pathophysiology - Dysphagia
Pill-Related Esophagitis - Esophageal Inflammation
Scleroderma - Esophageal Motility Disorders
Spastic Disorders - Esophageal Motility Disorders
Viral Esophagitis - Esophageal Inflammation
40. Diarrhea, Malabsorption, and Constipation
40. Diarrhea, Malabsorption, and Constipation
40-1. Algorithm for the Management of Acute Diarrhea - F
40-1. Infectious Causes of Diarrhea in PTS with AIDS - T
40-2. Chronic Diarrhea - F
40-2. Physical Examination in PTS with Chronic Diarrhea - T
40-3. Algorithm for the Management of Constipation - F
40-3. Common Causes of Malabsorption - T
Absorption of Fluid and Electrolytes - Normal Gastrointestinal Function
Altered Intestinal Motility - Diarrhea
Constipation
Decreased Absorptive Surface - Diarrhea
Diarrhea
Evaluation History - Diarrhea
Exudative Diarrhea - Diarrhea
Intestinal Motility - Normal Gastrointestinal Function
Laboratory Studies - Diarrhea
Malabsorption Syndromes
Normal Gastrointestinal Function
Nutrient Absorption - Normal Gastrointestinal Function
Osmotic Diarrhea - Diarrhea
Other Studies - Diarrhea
Physical Examination - Diarrhea
Physiology - Diarrhea
Secretory Diarrhea - Diarrhea
Specific Causes - Constipation
Stool Examination - Diarrhea
41. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
41. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
41-1. Suggested Algorithm for Pts with Acute Upper GI Bleeding - F
41-2. Suggested Algorithm for Pts with Acute Lower GI Bleeding - F
Adverse Prognostic Signs - Presentation
Bleeding of Obscure Origin - Lower GI Bleeding
Causes - Lower GI Bleeding
Causes - Upper GI Bleeding
Common - Causes - Upper GI Bleeding
Evaluation - Lower GI Bleeding
Evaluation - Upper GI Bleeding
Hemodynamic Changes - Presentation
Laboratory Changes - Presentation
Less Common - Causes - Upper GI Bleeding
Lower GI Bleeding
Presentation
Shock - Presentation
Upper GI Bleeding
42. Jaundice and Evaluation of Liver Function
42. Jaundice and Evaluation of Liver Function
42-1. Causes of Isolated Hyperbilirubinemia - T
42-1. Evaluation of the Pt with Jaundice - F
42-2. Algorithm for Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Tests - F
42-2. Hepatocellular Conditions that May Produce Jaundice - T
42-3. Cholestatic Conditions that May Produce Jaundice - T
42-4. Liver Test Patterns in Hepatobiliary Disorders - T
5'-Nucleotidase (5'-NT) - Blood Tests of Liver Function
Albumin - Blood Tests of Liver Function
Alkaline Phosphatase - Blood Tests of Liver Function
Aminotransferases (Transaminases) - Blood Tests of Liver Function
Ammonia - Blood Tests of Liver Function
Angiography - Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
Bilirubin - Blood Tests of Liver Function
Bilirubin Metabolism - Jaundice
Blood Tests of Liver Function
Cholangiography - Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
Coagulation Factors - Blood Tests of Liver Function
CT - Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
Definition - Jaundice
Etiology - Jaundice
Evaluation - Jaundice
Gilbert Syndrome - Jaundice
Globulin - Blood Tests of Liver Function
-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) - Blood Tests of Liver Function
Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
Jaundice
MRI - Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
Percutaneous Liver Biopsy - Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
Radionuclide Scanning - Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
Ultrasonography (US) - Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
43. Ascites
43. Ascites
43-1. Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Ascites According to the Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - F
Cirrhotic Ascites
Complications
Definition
Detection
Differential Diagnosis - Evaluation
Evaluation
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Complications
Pathogenesis - Cirrhotic Ascites
Pathophysiologic Classification Using Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - Evaluation
Physical Examination - Detection
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Complications
Ultrasonography/CT - Detection
44. Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly
44. Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly
44-1. Diseases Associated with Lymphadenopathy - T
44-2. Diseases Associated with Splenomegaly Grouped by Pathogenic Mechanism - T
Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly
45. Anemia and Polycythemia
45. Anemia and Polycythemia
45-1. The Physiologic Classification of Anemia - F
45-2. An Approach to the Differential Diagnosis of Pts with an Elevated Hemoglobin (Possible Polycythemia) - F
Anemia
Causes - Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis)
Complications - Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis)
Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis)
46. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
46. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
46-1. Approach to the Pt with Azotemia - F
46-1. The Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease (National Kidney Foundation Guidelines) - T
46-2. Approach to the Pt with Polyuria - F
46-2. Major Causes of Polyuria - T
46-3. Approach to the Pt with Hematuria - F
46-3. Major Causes of Hematuria - T
Abnormalities of Renal Function, Azotemia
Abnormalities of Urine Composition
Abnormalities of Urine Volume
Hematuria - Abnormalities of Urine Composition
Oliguria - Abnormalities of Urine Volume
Polyuria - Abnormalities of Urine Volume
Proteinuria - Abnormalities of Urine Composition
Pyuria - Abnormalities of Urine Composition
47. Pain and Swelling of Joints
47. Pain and Swelling of Joints
47-1. Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Complaints - F
47-1. Applications for Conventional Radiography in Articular Disease - T
47-2. Algorithmic Approach to the Use and Interpretation of Synovial Fluid Aspiration and Analysis - F
Diagnostic Imaging
Historic Features
Initial Assessment of A Musculoskeletal Complaint
Laboratory Investigations
Physical Examination
Special Considerations in the Elderly Patient
48. Back and Neck Pain
48. Back and Neck Pain
48-1. Lumbosacral Radiculopathy: Neurologic Features - T
48-2. Acute Low Back Pain: Risk Factors for an Important Structural Cause - T
48-3. Cervical Radiculopathy: Neurologic Features - T
Brachial Plexus and Nerves - Etiology - Neck and Shoulder Pain
Cervical Disk Disease - Etiology - Neck and Shoulder Pain
Cervical Spondylosis - Etiology - Neck and Shoulder Pain
Etiology - Low Back Pain
Etiology - Neck and Shoulder Pain
Examination - Low Back Pain
Immune Disorders - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Laboratory Evaluation - Low Back Pain
Low Back Pain
Lumbar Adhesive Arachnoiditis - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Lumbar Disk Disease - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Neck and Shoulder Pain
Osteoarthritis (Spondylosis) - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Osteoporosis - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Other - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Other Causes of Neck Pain - Etiology - Neck and Shoulder Pain
Shoulder - Etiology - Neck and Shoulder Pain
Spinal Stenosis - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Spondylolisthesis - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Thoracic Outlet - Etiology - Neck and Shoulder Pain
Trauma - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Trauma to the Cervical Spine - Etiology - Neck and Shoulder Pain
Types of Low Back Pain - Low Back Pain
Vertebral Metastases - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Vertebral Osteomyelitis - Etiology - Low Back Pain
Visceral Diseases - Etiology - Low Back Pain
49. Headache
49. Headache
49-1. Common Causes of Headache - T
49-2. Headache Symptoms that Suggest A Serious Underlying Disorder - T
49-3. Simplified Diagnostic Criteria for Migraine - T
49-4. Treatment of Acute Migraine - T
49-5. Clinical Stratification of Acute Specific Migraine Treatments - T
49-6. Preventive Treatments in Migraine - T
Cluster Headache - Migraine
Facial Pain
Indomethacin-Responsive Headaches - Migraine
Lumbar Puncture Headache - Migraine
Migraine
Post-Concussion Headache - Migraine
Tension-Type Headache - Migraine
50. Syncope
50. Syncope
50-1. Approach to the Pt with Syncope - F
50-1. Causes of Syncope - T
Cataplexy - Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Etiology
Hypoglycemia - Differential Diagnosis
Neurocardiogenic (Vasovagal and Vasodepressor) Syncope - Etiology
Postural (Orthostatic) Hypotension - Etiology
Psychiatric Disorders - Differential Diagnosis
Seizures - Differential Diagnosis
51. Dizziness and Vertigo
51. Dizziness and Vertigo
51-1. Features of Peripheral and Central Vertigo - T
51-2. Treatment of Vertigo - T
Central Vertigo - Vertigo
Faintness
Peripheral Vertigo - Vertigo
Vertigo
52. Acute Visual Loss and Double Vision
52. Acute Visual Loss and Double Vision
52-1. Common Causes of DIPLOPIA - T
52-1. Deficits in Visual Fields Caused by Lesions Affecting Visual Pathways - F
Double Vision (DIPLOPIA)
Transient or Sudden Visual Loss
53. Weakness and Paralysis
53. Weakness and Paralysis
53-1. An Algorithm for the Initial Workup of a Pt with Weakness - F
53-1. Signs that Distinguish the Origin of Weakness - T
53-2. Common Causes of Weakness - T
53-3. Clinical Differentiation of Weakness Arising from Different Areas of the Nervous System - T
54. Tremor and Movement Disorders
54. Tremor and Movement Disorders
54-1. Advanced Examination Pearls: Differentiating Essential Tremor from Parkinsonian Tremor - T
Asterixis
Bradykinesia
Choreoathetosis
Dystonia
Essential Tremor (ET)
Huntington's Disease (HD)
Myoclonus
TICS
Tremor
55. Aphasia
55. Aphasia
55-1. Clinical Features of Aphasias and Related Conditions Commonly Seen in Cerebrovascular Accidents - T
Broca's Aphasia - Clinical Features
Clinical Features
Conduction Aphasia - Clinical Features
Global Aphasia - Clinical Features
Laboratory Evaluation
Wernicke's Aphasia - Clinical Features
56. Sleep Disorders
56. Sleep Disorders
56-1. Methods to Improve Sleep Hygiene in Insomnia Patients - T
56-2. Evaluation of the Patient with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness - T
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Disorders of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Drugs and Medications - Insomnia
Insomnia
Medical Disorders - Insomnia
Movement Disorders - Insomnia
Narcolepsy - Disorders of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Other Neurologic Disorders - Insomnia
Psychiatric Disorders - Insomnia
Psychophysiologic Insomnia - Insomnia
Sleep Apnea Syndromes - Disorders of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
57. Dysuria and Bladder Pain
57. Dysuria and Bladder Pain
Bladder Pain
Clinical Manifestations - Dysuria
Diagnosis - Dysuria
Dysuria
Epidemiology - Dysuria
Treatment - Dysuria
Section 3. Common Patient Presentations
Section 4. Otolaryngology
58. Sore Throat, Earache, and Upper Respiratory Symptoms
58. Sore Throat, Earache, and Upper Respiratory Symptoms
58-1. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Sinusitis in Adults - T
58-2. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Otitis Media - T
Acute Pharyngitis - Infections of the Pharynx and Oral Cavity
Acute Sinusitis - Sinus Infections
Chronic Sinusitis - Sinus Infections
External Ear Infections - Infections of the Ear and Mastoid
Infections of Deep Neck Structures
Infections of the Ear and Mastoid
Infections of the Larynx and Epiglottis
Infections of the Pharynx and Oral Cavity
Middle-Ear Infections - Infections of the Ear and Mastoid
Nonspecific URIs
Oral Infections - Infections of the Pharynx and Oral Cavity
Sinus Infections
Section 4. Otolaryngology
Section 5. Dermatology
59. General Examination of the Skin
59. General Examination of the Skin
59-1. Description of Primary Skin Lesions - T
59-1. The Distribution of Some Common Dermatologic Diseases and Lesions - F
59-2. Description of Secondary Skin Lesions - T
Additional Diagnostic Procedures
Diascopy - Additional Diagnostic Procedures
History
Patch Tests - Additional Diagnostic Procedures
Physical Examination
Potassium Hydroxide Preparation - Additional Diagnostic Procedures
Skin Biopsy - Additional Diagnostic Procedures
Tzanck Preparation - Additional Diagnostic Procedures
Wood's Light Examination - Additional Diagnostic Procedures
60. Common Skin Conditions
60. Common Skin Conditions
ACNE
ACNE Rosacea - ACNE
ACNE Vulgaris - ACNE
Allergic Contact Dermatitis - Eczematous Disorders
Atopic Dermatitis - Eczematous Disorders
Candidiasis - Infections
Cutaneous Drug Reactions
Dermatophyte Infection - Infections
Eczema - Eczematous Disorders
Eczematous Disorders
Erysipelas - Infections
Erythema Multiforme - Vascular Disorders
Erythema Nodosum - Vascular Disorders
Herpes Simplex - Infections
Herpes Zoster - Infections
Impetigo - Infections
Infections
Irritant Contact Dermatitis - Eczematous Disorders
Lichen Planus - Papulosquamous Disorders
Papulosquamous Disorders
Pityriasis Rosea - Papulosquamous Disorders
Psoriasis - Papulosquamous Disorders
Seborrheic Dermatitis - Eczematous Disorders
Urticaria - Vascular Disorders
Vascular Disorders
Vasculitis - Vascular Disorders
Warts - Infections
Section 5. Dermatology
Section 6. Hematology and Oncology
61. Examination of Blood Smears and Bone Marrow
61. Examination of Blood Smears and Bone Marrow
Aspiration - Indications - Bone Marrow
Biopsy - Indications - Bone Marrow
Blood Smears
Bone Marrow
Cellularity - Interpretation - Bone Marrow
Erythrocyte (RBC) Morphology - Blood Smears
Erythroid:granulocytic (E:[eGFR]) Ratio - Interpretation - Bone Marrow
Indications - Bone Marrow
Interpretation - Bone Marrow
Leukocyte Inclusions and Nuclear Contour Abnormalities - Blood Smears
Platelet Abnormalities - Blood Smears
RBC Inclusions - Blood Smears
Special Tests - Indications - Bone Marrow
Special Tests - Indications - Bone Marrow
62. Red Blood Cell Disorders
62. Red Blood Cell Disorders
62-1. Diagnosis of Hypoproliferative Anemias - T
62-1. Measurements of Marrow Iron Stores, Serum Ferritin, and Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) are Sensitive to Early Iron-Store Depletion - F
62-2. Diagnosis of Microcytic Anemia - T
62-2. Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Crisis - F
62-3. Classification of Hemolytic Anemias - T
62-4. Drugs that Carry Risk of Clinical Hemolysis in Persons with G6PD Deficiency - T
Anemia Due to RBC Destruction or Acute Blood Loss
Blood Loss - Anemia Due to RBC Destruction or Acute Blood Loss
Hemolysis - Anemia Due to RBC Destruction or Acute Blood Loss
Hypoproliferative Anemias
Laboratory Abnormalities - Anemia Due to RBC Destruction or Acute Blood Loss
Maturation Disorders
63. Leukocytosis and Leukopenia
63. Leukocytosis and Leukopenia
63-1. Normal Values for Leukocyte Concentration in Blood - T
Basophilia - Leukocytosis
Causes - Basophilia - Leukocytosis
Causes - Eosinopenia - Leukopenia
Causes - Eosinophilia - Leukocytosis
Causes - Leukemoid Reaction - Leukocytosis
Causes - Leukoerythroblastic Reaction - Leukocytosis
Causes - Lymphocytosis - Leukocytosis
Causes - Lymphopenia - Leukopenia
Causes - Monocytopenia - Leukopenia
Causes - Monocytosis - Leukocytosis
Causes - Neutropenia - Leukopenia
Causes - Neutrophilia - Leukocytosis
Eosinopenia - Leukopenia
Eosinophilia - Leukocytosis
Leukemoid Reaction - Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis
Leukoerythroblastic Reaction - Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Lymphocytosis - Leukocytosis
Lymphopenia - Leukopenia
Monocytopenia - Leukopenia
Monocytosis - Leukocytosis
Neutropenia - Leukopenia
Neutrophilia - Leukocytosis
64. Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders
64. Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders
64-1. Algorithm for Evaluating the Thrombocytopenic Pt - F
Acquired Disorders - Disorders of Blood Coagulation - Bleeding Disorders
Bleeding Disorders
Causes - Platelet Disorders - Bleeding Disorders
Congenital Disorders - Disorders of Blood Coagulation - Bleeding Disorders
Disorders of Blood Coagulation - Bleeding Disorders
Disorders of Platelet Function - Platelet Disorders - Bleeding Disorders
Hemostatic Disorders Due to Blood Vessel Wall Defects - Bleeding Disorders
Hypercoagulable State - Thrombotic Disorders
Platelet Disorders - Bleeding Disorders
Pseudothrombocytopenia - Platelet Disorders - Bleeding Disorders
Thrombocytopenia - Platelet Disorders - Bleeding Disorders
Thrombocytosis - Platelet Disorders - Bleeding Disorders
Thrombotic Disorders
65. Myeloid Leukemias, Myelodysplasia, and Myeloproliferative Syndromes
65. Myeloid Leukemias, Myelodysplasia, and Myeloproliferative Syndromes
65-1. AML Classification Systems - T
65-1. Flow Chart for the Therapy of Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - F
65-2. Response Criteria in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - T
65-3. World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms - T
65-4. International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) - T
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Essential Thrombocytosis - Myeloproliferative Syndromes
Idiopathic Myelofibrosis - Myeloproliferative Syndromes
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Myeloproliferative Syndromes
Polycythemia Vera - Myeloproliferative Syndromes
66. Lymphoid Malignancies
66. Lymphoid Malignancies
66-1. Clinical Schema of Lymphoid Neoplasms - T
66-1. Relative Frequency of Lymphoid Malignancies - F
66-2. Staging of B-Cell CLL and Relation to Survival - T
66-3. International Prognostic Index for NHL - T
66-4. Myeloma Staging Systems - T
66-5. The ANN Arbor Staging System for Hodgkin's Lymphoma - T
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma - Acute Lymphoid Leukemias/Lymphomas
Acute Lymphoid Leukemias/Lymphomas
Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL) - Acute Lymphoid Leukemias/Lymphomas
Aggressive Lymphomas
Burkitt's Lymphoma/Leukemia - Acute Lymphoid Leukemias/Lymphomas
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias/Lymphomas
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias/Lymphomas
Clinical Manifestations - Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Plasma Cell Disorders
Diagnosis - Multiple Myeloma - Plasma Cell Disorders
Differential Diagnosis - Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Plasma Cell Disorders
Follicular Lymphoma - Indolent Lymphomas
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Plasma Cell Disorders
Immunologic and Hematologic Abnormalities - Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Plasma Cell Disorders
Indolent Lymphomas
Multiple Myeloma - Plasma Cell Disorders
Plasma Cell Disorders
Staging - Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Plasma Cell Disorders
Staging - Multiple Myeloma - Plasma Cell Disorders
67. Skin Cancer
67. Skin Cancer
67-1. Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Melanoma - T
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Biology - Malignant Melanoma
Clinical Appearance - Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Clinical Appearance - Malignant Melanoma
Clinical Appearance - Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Incidence - Malignant Melanoma
Malignant Melanoma
Predisposing Factors - Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Predisposing Factors - Malignant Melanoma
Predisposing Factors - Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Prevention - Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Prevention - Malignant Melanoma
Prognosis - Malignant Melanoma
Prognosis - Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Skin Cancer Prevention
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Types - Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Types - Malignant Melanoma
Types - Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
68. Head and Neck Cancer
68. Head and Neck Cancer
Clinical Presentation
Genetic Alterations
Incidence and Epidemiology
Pathology
Prevention
69. Lung Cancer
69. Lung Cancer
69-1. Driver Mutations in Adenocarcinomas - F
69-1. Tumor, Node, Metastasis International Staging System for Lung Cancer - T
69-2. Summary of Treatment Approach to Patients with Lung Cancer - T
69-3. Five-Year Survival by Stage and Tnm Classification of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Seventh Edition) - T
Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Histologic Classification
Incidence
Prognosis
Screening
Staging
70. Breast Cancer
70. Breast Cancer
70-1. Approach to a Palpable Breast Mass - F
70-1. Staging of Breast Cancer - T
70-2. A 5-Year Survival Rate for Breast Cancer by Stage - T
Clinical and Molecular Staging
Diagnosis
Genetics
Incidence and Epidemiology
Prevention
71. Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract
71. Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract
71-1. Staging and Prognosis for Pts with Colorectal Cancer - F
71-1. Staging System for Gastric Carcinoma - T
71-2. Hereditable (Autosomal Dominant) - T
71-3. Gastrointestinal Endocrine Tumor Syndromes - T
Anal Cancer - Colorectal Cancer
Benign Gastric Tumors
Benign Liver Tumors
Carcinoid Tumor - Endocrine Tumors of the GI Tract and Pancreas
Colonic Polyps
Colorectal Cancer
Endocrine Tumors of the GI Tract and Pancreas
Esophageal Carcinoma
Gastric Carcinoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hereditary Polyposis Syndromes - Colonic Polyps
Hyperplastic Polyps - Colonic Polyps
Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic Islet-Cell Tumors - Endocrine Tumors of the GI Tract and Pancreas
Small-Bowel Tumors
Tubular Adenomas - Colonic Polyps
Villous Adenomas - Colonic Polyps
72. Genitourinary Tract Cancer
72. Genitourinary Tract Cancer
72-1. Germ Cell Tumor Staging and Treatment - F
Bladder Cancer
Clinical Presentation - Bladder Cancer
Clinical Presentation - Renal Cancer
Clinical Presentation - Testicular Cancer
Etiology - Bladder Cancer
Etiology - Renal Cancer
Etiology - Testicular Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology - Bladder Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology - Renal Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology - Testicular Cancer
Pathology - Bladder Cancer
Pathology - Renal Cancer
Pathology - Testicular Cancer
Renal Cancer
Testicular Cancer
73. Gynecologic Cancer
73. Gynecologic Cancer
73-1. Staging and Survival in Gynecologic Malignancies - T
Cervical Cancer
Clinical Presentation - Cervical Cancer
Clinical Presentation - Endometrial Cancer
Clinical Presentation - Ovarian Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Genetics - Ovarian Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology - Cervical Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology - Endometrial Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology - Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Pathology - Endometrial Cancer
Pathology - Ovarian Cancer
Prevention - Cervical Cancer
Screening - Cervical Cancer
Screening - Ovarian Cancer
Staging - Cervical Cancer
Staging - Endometrial Cancer
Staging - Ovarian Cancer
74. Prostate Hyperplasia and Carcinoma
74. Prostate Hyperplasia and Carcinoma
74-1. The Use of the Annual Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and Measurement of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) as Guides for Deciding Which Men Should have Transrectal Ultrasound (Trus)-Guided Prostate Biopsy - F
Prostate Cancer Prevention - Prostate Carcinoma
Prostate Carcinoma
Prostate Hyperplasia
75. Cancer of Unknown Primary Site
75. Cancer of Unknown Primary Site
75-1. Approach to Cytokeratin (CK7 and CK20) Markers Used in CUP - F
75-1. Possible Pathologic Evaluation of Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Metastatic Cancer of Unknown Primary Site - T
76. Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes
76. Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes
76-1. Paraneoplastic Syndromes Caused by Ectopic Hormone Production - T
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
77. Neurologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes
77. Neurologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes
77-1. Paraneoplastic Syndromes of the Nervous System - T
77-2. Antibodies to Intracellular Antigens, Syndromes, and Associated Cancers - T
77-3. Antibodies to Cell Surface or Synaptic Antigens, Syndromes, and Associated Tumors - T
Clinical Features
PNDs of Nerve and Muscle - Clinical Features
PNDs of the Central Nervous System and Dorsal Root Ganglia - Clinical Features
Section 6. Hematology and Oncology
Section 7. Infectious Diseases
100. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
100. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
100-1. Pattern of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Serology during Acute Infection - F
Clinical Manifestations - Cytomegalovirus
Clinical Manifestations - Epstein-Barr Virus
CMV Infection in Immunocompromised Pts - Clinical Manifestations - Cytomegalovirus
CMV Mononucleosis - Clinical Manifestations - Cytomegalovirus
Congenital CMV Infection - Clinical Manifestations - Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Diagnosis - Cytomegalovirus
Diagnosis - Epstein-Barr Virus
Epidemiology - Cytomegalovirus
Epidemiology - Epstein-Barr Virus
Epstein-Barr Virus
Microbiology - Cytomegalovirus
Pathogenesis - Cytomegalovirus
Pathogenesis - Epstein-Barr Virus
Perinatal CMV Infection - Clinical Manifestations - Cytomegalovirus
101. Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases
101. Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases
101-1. Antiviral Medications for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza - T
101-2. Illnesses Associated with Respiratory Viruses - T
Adenoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Adenoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Human Metapneumovirus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Parainfluenza Virus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Rhinoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Coronaviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Diagnosis - Adenoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Diagnosis - Coronaviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Diagnosis - Human Metapneumovirus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Diagnosis - Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Diagnosis - Parainfluenza Virus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Diagnosis - Rhinoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Epidemiology - Human Metapneumovirus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Epidemiology - Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Epidemiology - Rhinoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations - Coronaviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Human Metapneumovirus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Influenza
Microbiology - Coronaviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Microbiology - Human Metapneumovirus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Microbiology - Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Microbiology - Rhinoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Adenoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Parainfluenza Virus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Parainfluenza Virus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Prevention - Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Rhinoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Treatment - Adenoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Treatment - Human Metapneumovirus - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Treatment - Rhinoviruses - Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
102. Rubeola, Rubella, Mumps, and Parvovirus Infections
102. Rubeola, Rubella, Mumps, and Parvovirus Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Measles (Rubeola)
Clinical Manifestations - Mumps
Clinical Manifestations - Parvovirus Infection
Clinical Manifestations - Rubella (German Measles)
Definition and Microbiology - Measles (Rubeola)
Definition and Microbiology - Mumps
Diagnosis - Measles (Rubeola)
Diagnosis - Mumps
Diagnosis - Parvovirus Infection
Diagnosis - Rubella (German Measles)
Epidemiology - Measles (Rubeola)
Epidemiology - Mumps
Epidemiology - Parvovirus Infection
Measles (Rubeola)
Microbiology - Parvovirus Infection
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Rubella (German Measles)
Mumps
Parvovirus Infection
Pathogenesis - Parvovirus Infection
Prevention - Measles (Rubeola)
Prevention - Mumps
Prevention - Rubella (German Measles)
Rubella (German Measles)
Treatment - Mumps
Treatment - Rubella (German Measles)
103. Enteroviral Infections
103. Enteroviral Infections
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Microbiology
Other Enteroviruses - Clinical Manifestations
Pathogenesis
Poliovirus - Clinical Manifestations
Prevention and Eradication
104. Insect- and Animal-Borne Viral Infections
104. Insect- and Animal-Borne Viral Infections
104-1. Algorithm for Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis - F
Clinical Manifestations - Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Infections Caused by Arthropod- and Rodent-Borne Viruses
Clinical Manifestations - Rabies
Diagnosis - Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections
Diagnosis - Rabies
Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections
Epidemiology - Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections
Epidemiology - Rabies
Infections Caused by Arthropod- and Rodent-Borne Viruses
Microbiology - Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections
Microbiology - Rabies
Microbiology and Pathogenesis - Infections Caused by Arthropod- and Rodent-Borne Viruses
Pathogenesis - Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections
Pathogenesis - Rabies
Prevention - Rabies
Rabies
105. HIV Infection and AIDS
105. HIV Infection and AIDS
105-1. Algorithm for the Use of Serologic Tests in the Diagnosis of HIV-1 or HIV-2 Infection - F
105-1. Clinical Findings in the Acute HIV Syndrome - T
105-2. Antiretroviral Drugs Used in the Treatment of HIV Infection - T
105-2A. Combination Antiretroviral Drugs Used in the Treatment of HIV Infection - T
105-3. Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection - T
105-4. Indications for Changing Antiretroviral Therapy in PTS with HIV Infection - T
Acute HIV (Retroviral) Syndrome - Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
Advanced HIV Disease - Pathophysiology and Immunopathogenesis
Asymptomatic Infection - Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
Definition
Diagnosis of HIV Infection
Epidemiology
Establishment of Chronic and Persistent Infection - Pathophysiology and Immunopathogenesis
Etiology and Transmission
HIV and the Health Care Worker
Immune Abnormalities in HIV Disease
Immune Response to HIV Infection
Laboratory Monitoring of PTS with HIV Infection
Pathophysiology and Immunopathogenesis
Prevention
Primary Infection - Pathophysiology and Immunopathogenesis
Prophylaxis Against Secondary Infections - Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
Symptomatic Disease - Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
Vaccines
106. Fungal Infections
106. Fungal Infections
106-1. Treatment of Aspergillosis - T
106-2. Recommendations for the Treatment of Histoplasmosis - T
Amphotericin B (AmB) - Antifungal Agents
Antifungal Agents
Aspergillosis
Azoles - Antifungal Agents
Blastomycosis
Candidiasis
Clinical Manifestations - Aspergillosis
Clinical Manifestations - Blastomycosis
Clinical Manifestations - Candidiasis
Clinical Manifestations - Coccidioidomycosis
Clinical Manifestations - Cryptococcosis
Clinical Manifestations - Histoplasmosis
Clinical Manifestations - Mucormycosis
Clinical Manifestations - Sporotrichosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Dermatophytosis
Diagnosis - Aspergillosis
Diagnosis - Blastomycosis
Diagnosis - Candidiasis
Diagnosis - Coccidioidomycosis
Diagnosis - Cryptococcosis
Diagnosis - Histoplasmosis
Diagnosis - Mucormycosis
Diagnosis - Sporotrichosis
Echinocandins - Antifungal Agents
Flucytosine - Antifungal Agents
Fusariosis
General Considerations
Griseofulvin and Terbinafine - Antifungal Agents
Histoplasmosis
Malassezia Infection
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Aspergillosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Blastomycosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Candidiasis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Coccidioidomycosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Cryptococcosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Histoplasmosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Mucormycosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Sporotrichosis
Mucormycosis
Outcome - Aspergillosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Penicilliosis
Prevention - Candidiasis
Scedosporiosis
Sporotrichosis
Topical Agents - Antifungal Agents
107. Pneumocystis Infections
107. Pneumocystis Infections
107-1. Treatment of Pneumocystosis (14-21 Days) - T
107-2. Prophylaxis of Pneumocystosis - T
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Microbiology
Pathogenesis
Prevention
Prognosis
108. Protozoal Infections
108. Protozoal Infections
108-1. Regimens for the Treatment of Malaria - T
108-2. Drugs Used in the Prophylaxis of Malaria - T
Babesiosis
Chagas Disease - Trypanosomiasis
Clinical Manifestations - Chagas Disease - Trypanosomiasis
Clinical Manifestations - Sleeping Sickness - Trypanosomiasis
Diagnosis - Chagas Disease - Trypanosomiasis
Diagnosis - Sleeping Sickness - Trypanosomiasis
Epidemiology - Chagas Disease - Trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
Malaria
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Sleeping Sickness - Trypanosomiasis
Microbiology and Pathology - Chagas Disease - Trypanosomiasis
Sleeping Sickness - Trypanosomiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomiasis
109. Helminthic Infections and Ectoparasite Infestations
109. Helminthic Infections and Ectoparasite Infestations
109-1. Diagnostic Criteria for Human Cysticercosis - T
Cestodes - Helminths
Ectoparasites
Filarial and Related Infections - Nematodes - Helminths
Helminths
Intestinal Nematode Infections - Nematodes - Helminths
Nematodes - Helminths
Tissue Nematode Infections - Nematodes - Helminths
Trematodes - Helminths
78. Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities
78. Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities
78-1. Examples of Evidence-Based âBundled Interventionsâ to Prevent Common Health Care-Associated Infections and Other Adverse Events - T
Epidemic and Emerging Problems
Nosocomial and Device-Related Infections
Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections
79. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
79. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
79-1. Algorithm for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fever and Neutropenia - F
79-1. Disruption of Normal Barriers that May Predispose to Infections in PTS with Cancer - T
79-2. Common Sources of Infections after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - T
79-3. Vaccination of Cancer and Transplant PTS Receiving Chemotherapy - T
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) - Infections in Transplant Recipients
Immunizations in Immunosuppressed PTS
Infections in Cancer PTS
Infections in Transplant Recipients
Solid Organ Transplantation - Infections in Transplant Recipients
System-Specific Syndromes - Infections in Cancer PTS
80. Infective Endocarditis
80. Infective Endocarditis
80-1. The Modified Duke Criteria for the Clinical Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis - T
80-2. Antibiotic Treatment for Infective Endocarditis Caused by Common Organisms - T
80-3. Timing of Cardiac Surgical Intervention in PTS with Endocarditis - T
80-4. High-Risk Cardiac Lesions for Which Endocarditis Prophylaxis is Advised Before Dental Procedures - T
80-5. Antibiotic Regimens for Prophylaxis of Endocarditis in Adults with High-Risk Cardiac Lesionsa,Ba, - T
Antimicrobial Therapy
Organism-Specific Therapies
Surgical Treatment
81. Intraabdominal Infections
81. Intraabdominal Infections
Intraabdominal Abscesses
Intraperitoneal Abscesses - Intraabdominal Abscesses
Liver Abscess - Visceral Abscesses - Intraabdominal Abscesses
Perinephric and Renal Abscesses - Visceral Abscesses - Intraabdominal Abscesses
Peritonitis
Peritonitis in PTS Undergoing CAPD - Peritonitis
Primary (Spontaneous) Bacterial Peritonitis - Peritonitis
Secondary Peritonitis - Peritonitis
Splenic Abscess - Visceral Abscesses - Intraabdominal Abscesses
Visceral Abscesses - Intraabdominal Abscesses
82. Infectious Diarrheas
82. Infectious Diarrheas
82-1. Clinical Algorithm for the Approach to Pts with Community-Acquired Infectious Diarrhea or Bacterial Food Poisoning - F
82-1. Gastrointestinal Pathogens Causing Acute Diarrhea - T
Amebiasis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Bacterial Food Poisoning - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Campylobacteriosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Cholera - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Amebiasis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Campylobacteriosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Cholera - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Cryptosporidiosis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Giardiasis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Noroviruses and Related Human Caliciviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Rotaviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Clinical Manifestations - Shigellosis and Infection with Shiga Toxin-Producing/Enterohemorrhagic/Shiga Toxin-Producing Enteroaggregative E. Coli (STEC/EHEC/Steaec) - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Cryptosporidiosis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Cyclosporiasis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Cystoisosporiasis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Amebiasis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Campylobacteriosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Cholera - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Cryptosporidiosis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Giardiasis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Noroviruses and Related Human Caliciviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Rotaviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Salmonellosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Shigellosis and Infection with Shiga Toxin-Producing/Enterohemorrhagic/Shiga Toxin-Producing Enteroaggregative E. Coli (STEC/EHEC/Steaec) - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Diagnosis - Yersiniosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Epidemiology - Campylobacteriosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Epidemiology - Cholera - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations - Salmonellosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Giardiasis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Inflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology - Campylobacteriosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology - Cholera - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Clinical Manifestations - Yersiniosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Amebiasis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Cryptosporidiosis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Giardiasis - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Noroviruses and Related Human Caliciviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Rotaviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Shigellosis and Infection with Shiga Toxin-Producing/Enterohemorrhagic/Shiga Toxin-Producing Enteroaggregative E. Coli (STEC/EHEC/Steaec) - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Microbiology and Pathogenesis - Salmonellosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Noroviruses and Related Human Caliciviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Prevention - Rotaviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Rotaviruses - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Salmonellosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Shigellosis and Infection with Shiga Toxin-Producing/Enterohemorrhagic/Shiga Toxin-Producing Enteroaggregative E. Coli (STEC/EHEC/Steaec) - Inflammatory Diarrhea
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and Non-O1 V. Cholerae - Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Yersiniosis - Inflammatory Diarrhea
83. Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections
83. Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections
83-1. Clinical Features of Genital Ulcers - T
83-2. Recommended Treatment for Gonococcal Infections: Adapted from the 2010 Guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - T
83-3. Recommendations for the Treatment of Syphilis - T
Chancroid (Haemophilus Ducreyi Infection) - Individual Pathogens
Clinical Manifestations - Donovanosis (Klebsiella Granulomatis Infection) - Individual Pathogens
Clinical Manifestations - Epididymitis - Specific Syndromes
Clinical Manifestations - Gonorrhea - Individual Pathogens
Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Virus Infections - Individual Pathogens
Clinical Manifestations - Infections Due to Mycoplasmas - Individual Pathogens
Clinical Manifestations - Infections with Chlamydia Trachomatis - Individual Pathogens
Clinical Manifestations - Mucopurulent Cervicitis - Specific Syndromes
Clinical Manifestations - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Specific Syndromes
Clinical Manifestations - Proctitis, Proctocolitis, Enterocolitis, and Enteritis - Specific Syndromes
Clinical Manifestations - Syphilis - Individual Pathogens
Clinical Manifestations - Urethritis in MEN - Specific Syndromes
Clinical Manifestations - Vulvovaginal Infections - Specific Syndromes
Diagnosis - Gonorrhea - Individual Pathogens
Diagnosis - Herpes Simplex Virus Infections - Individual Pathogens
Diagnosis - Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections - Individual Pathogens
Diagnosis - Infections Due to Mycoplasmas - Individual Pathogens
Diagnosis - Infections with Chlamydia Trachomatis - Individual Pathogens
Diagnosis - Mucopurulent Cervicitis - Specific Syndromes
Diagnosis - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Specific Syndromes
Diagnosis - Proctitis, Proctocolitis, Enterocolitis, and Enteritis - Specific Syndromes
Diagnosis - Syphilis - Individual Pathogens
Diagnosis - Urethritis (the Urethral Syndrome) in Women - Specific Syndromes
Diagnosis - Urethritis in MEN - Specific Syndromes
Diagnosis - Vulvovaginal Infections - Specific Syndromes
Diagnosis and Treatment - Donovanosis (Klebsiella Granulomatis Infection) - Individual Pathogens
Donovanosis (Klebsiella Granulomatis Infection) - Individual Pathogens
Epidemiology - Gonorrhea - Individual Pathogens
Epidemiology - Infections with Chlamydia Trachomatis - Individual Pathogens
Epidemiology - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Specific Syndromes
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations - Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections - Individual Pathogens
Epididymitis - Specific Syndromes
General Principles
Gonorrhea - Individual Pathogens
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections - Individual Pathogens
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections - Individual Pathogens
Individual Pathogens
Infections Due to Mycoplasmas - Individual Pathogens
Infections with Chlamydia Trachomatis - Individual Pathogens
Microbiology - Epididymitis - Specific Syndromes
Microbiology - Gonorrhea - Individual Pathogens
Microbiology - Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections - Individual Pathogens
Microbiology - Infections with Chlamydia Trachomatis - Individual Pathogens
Microbiology - Mucopurulent Cervicitis - Specific Syndromes
Microbiology - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Specific Syndromes
Microbiology - Vulvovaginal Infections - Specific Syndromes
Microbiology and Clinical Manifestations - Urethritis (the Urethral Syndrome) in Women - Specific Syndromes
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Donovanosis (Klebsiella Granulomatis Infection) - Individual Pathogens
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Herpes Simplex Virus Infections - Individual Pathogens
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Infections Due to Mycoplasmas - Individual Pathogens
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Proctitis, Proctocolitis, Enterocolitis, and Enteritis - Specific Syndromes
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Syphilis - Individual Pathogens
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Urethritis in MEN - Specific Syndromes
Mucopurulent Cervicitis - Specific Syndromes
Pathogenesis - Syphilis - Individual Pathogens
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Specific Syndromes
Prevention - Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections - Individual Pathogens
Proctitis, Proctocolitis, Enterocolitis, and Enteritis - Specific Syndromes
Prognosis - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Specific Syndromes
Specific Syndromes
Syphilis - Individual Pathogens
Ulcerative Genital Lesions - Specific Syndromes
Urethritis (the Urethral Syndrome) in Women - Specific Syndromes
Urethritis in MEN - Specific Syndromes
Vulvovaginal Infections - Specific Syndromes
84. Infections of the Skin, Soft Tissues, Joints, and Bones
84. Infections of the Skin, Soft Tissues, Joints, and Bones
84-1. Treatment of Common Infections of the Skin - T
84-2. Antibiotic Therapy for Osteomyelitis in Adults Without Implants - T
Cellulitis - Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Infectious Arthritis
Myositis/Myonecrosis - Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Necrotizing Fasciitis - Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Osteomyelitis
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
85. Pneumococcal Infections
85. Pneumococcal Infections
Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Meningitis
Meningitis - Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Microbiology
Noninvasive Syndromes - Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Other Invasive Syndromes - Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Pathogenesis
Pneumonia
Pneumonia - Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Prevention
86. Staphylococcal Infections
86. Staphylococcal Infections
86-1. Case Definition of S. Aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome - T
86-2. Antimicrobial Therapy for Staphylococcal Infections - T
Clinical Syndromes - Infections Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Clinical Syndromes - S. Aureus Infections
Diagnosis - Infections Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Diagnosis - S. Aureus Infections
Epidemiology - S. Aureus Infections
Infections Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Microbiology
Microbiology - Infections Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Pathogenesis - Infections Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Pathogenesis - S. Aureus Infections
Prevention - S. Aureus Infections
S. Aureus Infections
87. Streptococcal/Enterococcal Infections, Diphtheria, and Infections Caused by Other Corynebacteria and Related Species
87. Streptococcal/Enterococcal Infections, Diphtheria, and Infections Caused by Other Corynebacteria and Related Species
87-1. Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Infections - T
87-2. Proposed Case Definition for the Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome - T
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella Species (Nutritionally Variant Streptococci) - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Diphtheria - Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Enterococci - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Group A Streptococcus (GAS) - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Diagnosis - Diphtheria - Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Diphtheria - Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Enterococci - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Epidemiology - Enterococci - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis - Diphtheria - Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis - Group A Streptococcus (GAS) - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Infections in Adults - Group B Streptococcus (GBS) - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Microbiology - Diphtheria - Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Microbiology - Enterococci - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Microbiology - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Neonatal Infections - Group B Streptococcus (GBS) - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Nonenterococcal Group D Streptococci - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Other Corynebacteria and Related Organisms - Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Prevention - Diphtheria - Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Prevention - Group A Streptococcus (GAS) - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Prognosis - Diphtheria - Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Streptococci of Groups C and [eGFR] - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Viridans Streptococci - Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
88. Meningococcal and Listerial Infections
88. Meningococcal and Listerial Infections
Listerial Infections
Meningococcal Infections
89. Infections Caused by Haemophilus, Bordetella, Moraxella, and HACEK Group Organisms
89. Infections Caused by Haemophilus, Bordetella, Moraxella, and HACEK Group Organisms
89-1. Treatment of Infections Caused by HACEK Group Organisms - T
Clinical Manifestations - Haemophilus Influenzae
Clinical Manifestations - Moraxella Catarrhalis
Clinical Manifestations - Pertussis
Clinical Manifestations - The HACEK Group
Diagnosis - Haemophilus Influenzae
Diagnosis - Moraxella Catarrhalis
Diagnosis - Pertussis
Epidemiology - Haemophilus Influenzae
Epidemiology - Pertussis
Haemophilus Influenzae
Microbiology - Haemophilus Influenzae
Microbiology - The HACEK Group
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Moraxella Catarrhalis
Microbiology and Pathogenesis - Pertussis
Moraxella Catarrhalis
Pathogenesis - Haemophilus Influenzae
Pertussis
Prevention - Haemophilus Influenzae
Prevention - Pertussis
The HACEK Group
90. Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria and Pseudomonas
90. Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria and Pseudomonas
90-1. Antibiotic Treatment of Infections Due to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Species - T
Aeromonas - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Bacteria Related to Pseudomonas Species - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
Burkholderia Cepacia - Bacteria Related to Pseudomonas Species - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
Clinical Manifestations - Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. Coli (Expec) - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Clinical Manifestations - Klebsiella - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Clinical Manifestations - Other Gram-Negative Enteric Pathogens - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Clinical Manifestations - P. Aeruginosa - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
Clinical Manifestations - Proteus - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Diagnosis - Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. Coli (Expec) - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Diagnosis - Intestinal Pathogenic E. Coli - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Diagnosis - Klebsiella - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Diagnosis - Proteus - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Epidemiology - Klebsiella - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Epidemiology - P. Aeruginosa - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
Epidemiology - Proteus - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. Coli (Expec) - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
General Considerations - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Intestinal Pathogenic E. Coli - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Klebsiella - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Microbiology - P. Aeruginosa - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
Microbiology and Clinical Manifestations - Intestinal Pathogenic E. Coli - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Miscellaneous Organisms - Bacteria Related to Pseudomonas Species - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
Other Gram-Negative Enteric Pathogens - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
P. Aeruginosa - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
Proteus - Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia - Bacteria Related to Pseudomonas Species - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
91. Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli
91. Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli
91-1. Radiology of the Spine: Differentiation of Brucellosis from Tuberculosis - T
91-2. Antimicrobial Therapy for Disease Caused by Bartonella Species in Adults - T
Bacillary Angiomatosis and Peliosis - Bartonella Infections
Bartonella Endocarditis - Bartonella Infections
Bartonella Infections
Brucellosis
Carrichr(243)n's Disease (Oroya Fever and Verruga Peruana) - Bartonella Infections
Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) - Bartonella Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) - Bartonella Infections
Diagnosis - Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) - Bartonella Infections
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) - Bartonella Infections
Plague
Trench Fever - Bartonella Infections
Tularemia
92. Anaerobic Infections
92. Anaerobic Infections
92-1. Treatment of Clostridial Infections - T
92-2. Antimicrobial Therapy for Infections Involving Commonly Encountered Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods - T
Botulism
Definitions
Mixed Anaerobic Infections
Other Clostridial Infections
Tetanus
93. Nocardiosis, Actinomycosis, and Whipple's Disease
93. Nocardiosis, Actinomycosis, and Whipple's Disease
93-1. Treatment Duration for Nocardiosis - T
Actinomycosis
Clinical Manifestations - Whipple's Disease - Actinomycosis
Diagnosis - Whipple's Disease - Actinomycosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Whipple's Disease - Actinomycosis
Nocardiosis
Whipple's Disease - Actinomycosis
94. Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Infections
94. Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Infections
94-1. Recommended Antituberculosis Treatment Regimens - T
94-2. Tuberculin Reaction Size and Treatment of Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection - T
94-3. Regimens for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) in Adults - T
Clinical Manifestations - Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
Clinical Manifestations - Leprosy
Clinical Manifestations - Tuberculosis
Complications - Leprosy
Diagnosis - Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
Diagnosis - Leprosy
Diagnosis - Tuberculosis
Epidemiology - Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
Epidemiology - Tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary TB - Clinical Manifestations - Tuberculosis
HIV-Associated TB - Clinical Manifestations - Tuberculosis
Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
Lepromatous (LL) Leprosy - Clinical Manifestations - Leprosy
Leprosy
Microbiology - Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
Microbiology - Tuberculosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology - Leprosy
Pathogenesis - Tuberculosis
Prevention - Tuberculosis
Pulmonary TB - Clinical Manifestations - Tuberculosis
Tuberculoid (TT) Leprosy - Clinical Manifestations - Leprosy
Tuberculosis
95. Lyme Disease and Other Nonsyphilitic Spirochetal Infections
95. Lyme Disease and Other Nonsyphilitic Spirochetal Infections
Endemic Treponematoses
Leptospirosis
Lyme Borreliosis
Relapsing Fever
96. Rickettsial Diseases
96. Rickettsial Diseases
96-1. Features of Selected Rickettsial Infections - T
Clinical Manifestations - Endemic Murine Typhus (Flea-Borne) - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Clinical Manifestations - Epidemic Typhus (Louse-Borne) - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Clinical Manifestations - Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis (HGA) - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Clinical Manifestations - Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis (HME) - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Clinical Manifestations - Rickettsialpox - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Clinical Manifestations - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Diagnosis - Endemic Murine Typhus (Flea-Borne) - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Diagnosis - Epidemic Typhus (Louse-Borne) - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Diagnosis - Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis (HGA) - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Diagnosis - Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis (HME) - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Diagnosis - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Endemic Murine Typhus (Flea-Borne) - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Epidemic Typhus (Louse-Borne) - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Epidemiology - Rickettsialpox - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Epidemiology - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Etiology and Epidemiology - Endemic Murine Typhus (Flea-Borne) - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Etiology and Epidemiology - Epidemic Typhus (Louse-Borne) - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Etiology and Epidemiology - Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis (HGA) - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Etiology and Epidemiology - Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis (HME) - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis (HGA) - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis (HME) - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Other Tick-Borne Spotted Fevers - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Pathogenesis - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Prevention - Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Prognosis - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Q Fever
Rickettsialpox - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) - Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Scrub Typhus - Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
97. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Legionella Species, and Chlamydia Pneumoniae
97. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Legionella Species, and Chlamydia Pneumoniae
Chlamydia Pneumoniae - Introduction
Clinical Manifestations - Chlamydia Pneumoniae - Introduction
Clinical Manifestations - Legionella Species - Introduction
Clinical Manifestations - Mycoplasma Pneumoniae - Introduction
Diagnosis - Chlamydia Pneumoniae - Introduction
Diagnosis - Legionella Species - Introduction
Diagnosis - Mycoplasma Pneumoniae - Introduction
Epidemiology - Chlamydia Pneumoniae - Introduction
Epidemiology - Legionella Species - Introduction
Epidemiology - Mycoplasma Pneumoniae - Introduction
Introduction
Legionella Species - Introduction
Microbiology - Legionella Species - Introduction
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae - Introduction
Prognosis - Legionella Species - Introduction
98. Chlamydia Trachomatis and C. Psittaci
98. Chlamydia Trachomatis and C. Psittaci
C. Psittaci Infections
C. Trachomatis Infections
Clinical Manifestations - Trachoma and Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis (AIC) - C. Trachomatis Infections
Diagnosis - Trachoma and Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis (AIC) - C. Trachomatis Infections
Epidemiology - Trachoma and Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis (AIC) - C. Trachomatis Infections
Etiology - Trachoma and Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis (AIC) - C. Trachomatis Infections
Genital Infections, Including Lymphogranuloma Venereum - C. Trachomatis Infections
Introduction
Microbiology - Introduction
Trachoma and Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis (AIC) - C. Trachomatis Infections
99. Herpesvirus Infections
99. Herpesvirus Infections
99-1. Antiviral Chemotherapy for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection - T
Central and Peripheral Nervous System Infections - Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Chickenpox - Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations - Varicella-Zoster Virus
Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Diagnosis - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Diagnosis - Varicella-Zoster Virus
Epidemiology - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations - Varicella-Zoster Virus
Eye Infections - Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Genital Infections - Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Herpes Gladiatorum - Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Herpes Simplex Viruses
Herpes Zoster (Shingles) - Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations - Varicella-Zoster Virus
Human Herpesvirus (HHV) Types 6, 7, and 8
Microbiology and Pathogenesis - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Microbiology and Pathogenesis - Varicella-Zoster Virus
Neonatal Infections - Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Oral-Facial Infections - Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Prevention - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Prevention - Varicella-Zoster Virus
Varicella-Zoster Virus
Visceral Infections - Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Whitlow - Clinical Manifestations - Herpes Simplex Viruses
Section 7. Infectious Diseases
Section 8. Cardiology
110. Physical Examination of the Heart
110. Physical Examination of the Heart
110-1. Carotid Artery Pulse Patterns - F
110-1. Heart Murmurs - T
110-2. Effects of Physiologic and Pharmacologic Interventions on the Intensity of Heart Murmurs and Sounds - T
110-2. Heart Sounds - F
110-3. Schematic Representation of ECG, Aortic Pressure (AOP), Left Ventricular Pressure (LVP), and Left Atrial Pressure (LAP) - F
Auscultation
Carotid Artery Pulse
Diastolic Murmurs - Heart Murmurs - Auscultation
Ejection Clicks - Heart Sounds - Auscultation
Heart Murmurs - Auscultation
Heart Sounds - Auscultation
Jugular Venous Pulsation (JVP)
Midsystolic Clicks - Heart Sounds - Auscultation
Opening Snap (OS) - Heart Sounds - Auscultation
Precordial Palpation
S(1) - Heart Sounds - Auscultation
S(2) - Heart Sounds - Auscultation
S(3) - Heart Sounds - Auscultation
S(4) - Heart Sounds - Auscultation
Systolic Murmurs - Heart Murmurs - Auscultation
111. Electrocardiography
111. Electrocardiography
111-1. Electrocardiographic Lead Systems: the Hexaxial Frontal Plane Reference System to Estimate Electrical Axis - F
111-1. Leads with Abnormal Q Waves in MI - T
111-2. Differential Diagnosis of Q Waves (with Selected Examples) - T
111-2. Intraventricular Conduction Abnormalities - F
111-3. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) Increases the Amplitude of Electrical Forces Directed to the Left and Posteriorly - F
111-4. Sequence of Depolarization and Repolarization Changes with A - F
Hypertrophy - Standard Approach to the ECG
Infarction - Hypertrophy - Standard Approach to the ECG
Intervals (Normal Values in Parentheses) - Standard Approach to the ECG
PR (0.12-0.20 s) - Intervals (Normal Values in Parentheses) - Standard Approach to the ECG
QRS (0.06-0.10 s) - Intervals (Normal Values in Parentheses) - Standard Approach to the ECG
QT (50% of Rr Interval; Corrected QT 0.44 s) - Intervals (Normal Values in Parentheses) - Standard Approach to the ECG
Standard Approach to the ECG
ST-T Waves - Standard Approach to the ECG
112. Noninvasive Examination of the Heart
112. Noninvasive Examination of the Heart
112-1. Clinical Uses of Echocardiography - T
112-1. Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Still-Frame Images of a Normal Heart - F
112-2. Schematic Presentation of Normal Doppler Flow Across the Aortic (A) and Mitral (B) Valves - F
112-2. Selection of Imaging Tests - T
112-3. Flow Diagram Showing Selection of Initial Stress Test in a Pt with Chest Pain - F
Computed Tomography
Echocardiography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Nuclear Cardiology
113. Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
113. Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Coarctation of the Aorta - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries - Complex Congenital Heart Lesions
Complex Congenital Heart Lesions
Congenitally Bicuspid Aortic Valve - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
CXR - Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
CXR - Coarctation of the Aorta - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
CXR - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
CXR - Pulmonic Stenosis (PS) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
CXR - Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Ebstein Anomaly - Complex Congenital Heart Lesions
ECG - Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
ECG - Coarctation of the Aorta - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
ECG - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
ECG - Pulmonic Stenosis (PS) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
ECG - Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Echocardiogram - Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Echocardiogram - Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Echocardiography - Coarctation of the Aorta - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
Echocardiography - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Echocardiography - Pulmonic Stenosis (PS) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
Endocarditis Prophylaxis in Congenital Heart Disease
History - Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
History - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
History - Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Physical Examination - Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Physical Examination - Coarctation of the Aorta - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
Physical Examination - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Physical Examination - Pulmonic Stenosis (PS) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
Physical Examination - Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Progression to Pulmonary Hypertension (PHT) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
Pulmonic Stenosis (PS) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions Without A Shunt
Tetralogy of Fallot - Complex Congenital Heart Lesions
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
114. Valvular Heart Disease
114. Valvular Heart Disease
114-1. Management of Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis - F
114-2. Management of Mitral Regurgitation - F
114-3. Algorithm for the Management of Aortic Stenosis (AS) - F
Aortic Regurgitation (AR)
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Clinical Manifestations - Aortic Regurgitation (AR)
Clinical Manifestations - Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
Clinical Manifestations - Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Complications - Mitral Stenosis (MS)
CXR - Mitral Stenosis (MS)
ECG - Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Echocardiogram - Aortic Regurgitation (AR)
Echocardiogram - Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Echocardiogram - Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
Echocardiogram - Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Echocardiogram - Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Etiologies - Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Etiology - Aortic Regurgitation (AR)
Etiology - Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
Etiology - Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Etiology - Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
History - Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Laboratory ECG - Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Laboratory ECG and CXR - Aortic Regurgitation (AR)
Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Pathology - Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Physical Examination - Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Physical Examination - Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Physical Examination - Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Symptoms - Aortic Stenosis (AS)
115. Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis
115. Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis
115-1. Presentation with Symptomatic Cardiomyopathy - T
115-2. Initial Evaluation of Cardiomyopathy - T
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
Cardiac Catheterization - Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
CXR - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
CXR - Myocarditis
CXR - Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
ECG - Myocarditis
Echocardiogram - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Echocardiogram, Cardiac MRI - Myocarditis
Echocardiogram, CT, and Cardiac MRI - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
Echocardiogram, CT, Cardiac MRI - Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Etiology - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
History - Myocarditis
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Laboratory - Myocarditis
Laboratory ECG - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
Laboratory ECG - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Laboratory ECG - Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis
Physical Examination - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
Physical Examination - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Physical Examination - Myocarditis
Physical Examination - Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Symptoms - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
Symptoms - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Symptoms - Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
116. Pericardial Disease
116. Pericardial Disease
116-1. Electrocardiogram in Acute Pericarditis - F
116-1. Etiologies of Pericarditis - T
116-2. ECG in Acute Pericarditis Vs Acute ST-Elevation MI - T
116-3. Noninvasive Features that Help Differentiate Constrictive Pericarditis from Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - T
Acute Pericarditis
Cardiac Catheterization - Cardiac Tamponade
Cardiac Catheterization - Constrictive Pericarditis
Cardiac Tamponade
Constrictive Pericarditis
CT or MRI - Constrictive Pericarditis
CXR - Acute Pericarditis
CXR - Cardiac Tamponade
CXR - Constrictive Pericarditis
Echocardiogram - Acute Pericarditis
Echocardiogram - Cardiac Tamponade
Echocardiogram - Constrictive Pericarditis
Etiologies - Acute Pericarditis
Etiology - Cardiac Tamponade
History - Cardiac Tamponade
History - Constrictive Pericarditis
History - Etiologies - Acute Pericarditis
Laboratory ECG - Acute Pericarditis
Laboratory ECG - Cardiac Tamponade
Laboratory ECG - Constrictive Pericarditis
Physical Examination - Acute Pericarditis
Physical Examination - Cardiac Tamponade
Physical Examination - Constrictive Pericarditis
117. Hypertension
117. Hypertension
117-1. Initiation of Therapy in Pts with Hypertension - F
117-1. Oral Drugs Commonly Used in Treatment of Hypertension - T
117-2. Guidelines for Selecting Initial Drug Treatment of Hypertension - T
117-3. Usual Intravenous Doses of Antihypertensive Agents Used in Hypertensive Emergencies - T
Coarctation of Aorta - Secondary Hypertension
Definition
Hyperaldosteronism - Secondary Hypertension
Other Causes - Secondary Hypertension
Pheochromocytoma - Secondary Hypertension
Renal Artery Stenosis (Renovascular Hypertension) - Secondary Hypertension
Renal Parenchymal Disease - Secondary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
118. Metabolic Syndrome
118. Metabolic Syndrome
118-1. NCEP:atpiiia2001 and Harmonizing Definition Criteria for the Metabolic Syndrom - T
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Etiology
119. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
119. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
119-1. IV Vasodilators and Inotropic Drugs Used in Acute MI - T
119-1. Reperfusion Strategies in STEMI - F
119-2. Algorithm for Fibrinolytic Therapy of Acute STEMI - F
119-2. Hemodynamic Complications in Acute MI - T
119-3. Emergency Management of Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema - F
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - Complications
Acute Mechanical Complications - Complications
Additional Standard Treatment
Bradyarrhythmias and AV Block - Complications
Cardiogenic Shock - Complications
Complications
Heart Failure - Complications
Hypotension - Complications
Initial Therapy
Pericarditis - Complications
Recurrent Angina - Complications
Secondary Prevention
Supraventricular Arrhythmias - Complications
Ventricular Aneurysm - Complications
Ventricular Arrhythmias - Complications
Ventricular Fibrillation - Complications
Ventricular Tachycardia - Complications
120. Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
120. Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
120-1. Algorithm for Evaluation and Treatment of Pts with a Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome - F
120-1. Class I Recommendations for Use of an Early Invasive Strategy - T
120-2. The TIMI risk Score for UA/NSTEMI - F
Additional Recommendations
Anti-Ischemic Therapies
Antithrombotic Therapies
Invasive Vs Conservative Strategy
Long-Term Management
121. Chronic Stable Angina
121. Chronic Stable Angina
121-1. Role of Exercise Testing in Management of CAD; EF, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction - F
121-1. Stress Testing Recommendations - T
121-2. Examples of Commonly Used Nitrates - T
121-3. Comparison of Revascularization Procedures in Multivessel Disease - T
Angina
Coronary Arteriography - Angina
Laboratory ECG - Angina
Physical Examination - Angina
Prinzmetal's Variant Angina (Coronary Vasospasm)
Stress Testing - Angina
Symptoms - Angina
122. Bradyarrhythmias
122. Bradyarrhythmias
122-1. Bradyarrhythmias - F
122-1. Etiologies of Atrioventricular Block - T
AV Block - Introduction
Diagnosis - Sinoatrial (SA) Node Dysfunction - Introduction
First Degree - AV Block - Introduction
Introduction
Mobitz I (Wenckebach) - AV Block - Introduction
Mobitz II - AV Block - Introduction
Second Degree - AV Block - Introduction
Sinoatrial (SA) Node Dysfunction - Introduction
Third Degree (Complete AV Block) - AV Block - Introduction
123. Tachyarrhythmias
123. Tachyarrhythmias
123-1. Algorithm for Differentiation of Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) from Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - F
123-1. Clinical and Electrocardiographic Features of Common Arrhythmias - T
123-2. Examples of Antiarrhythmic Drugs - T
Introduction
Preexcitation Syndrome (WPW) - Introduction
124. Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale
124. Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale
124-1. Hemodynamic Profiles in Pts with Acute Heart Failure - F
124-1. Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure - T
124-2. Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced EF - T
124-3. Drugs for Treatment of Acute Heart Failure - T
COR Pulmonale
Heart Failure
125. Diseases of the Aorta
125. Diseases of the Aorta
125-1. Classification of Aortic Dissections - F
125-1. Treatment of Aortic Dissection - T
Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic Dissection
Other Abnormalities of the Aorta
126. Peripheral Vascular Disease
126. Peripheral Vascular Disease
126-1. Classification of Raynaud's Phenomenon - T
Arteriosclerosis of Peripheral Arteries
Introduction
Lymphedema
Other Conditions that Impair Peripheral Arterial Flow
Venous Disease
127. Pulmonary Hypertension
127. Pulmonary Hypertension
127-1. An Algorithm to Assess for Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - F
127-1. Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension - T
Differential Diagnosis - Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Laboratory - Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Physical Examination - Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Section 8. Cardiology
Section 9. Pulmonology
128. Respiratory Function and Pulmonary Diagnostic Procedures
128. Respiratory Function and Pulmonary Diagnostic Procedures
128-1. Common Respiratory Diseases by Diagnostic Categories - T
128-1. Spirogram of a Slow Vital Capacity Maneuver Demonstrating Various Lung Volumes - F
128-2. Alterations in Pulmonary Function in Different Respiratory Disease Categories - T
128-2. Flow Diagram Outlining the Diagnostic Approach to the Pt with Hypoxemia - F
Bronchoscopy - Invasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Diagnostic Procedures
Invasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Mediastinoscopy - Invasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Noninvasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Nuclear Medicine Imaging - Noninvasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Percutaneous Needle Aspiration of the Lung - Invasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Radiographic Studies - Noninvasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Respiratory Function
Sputum Examination - Noninvasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Thoracentesis - Invasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery - Invasive Procedures - Diagnostic Procedures
129. Asthma
129. Asthma
129-1. Stepwise Approach to Asthma Therapy According to the Severity of Asthma and Ability to Control Symptoms - F
Asthma Exacerbations
130. Environmental Lung Diseases
130. Environmental Lung Diseases
Asbestos-Related Diseases - Inorganic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Berylliosis - Inorganic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis - Inorganic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Cotton Dust (Byssinosis) - Organic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Farmer's Lung - Organic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Grain Dust - Organic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Inorganic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Introduction
Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Organic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Principles of Management
Silicosis - Inorganic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
Toxic Chemicals - Organic Dusts - Occupational Exposures and Pulmonary Disease
131. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
131. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
131-1. Gold Spirometric Grading Criteria for COPD Severity - T
Clinical Manifestations
Definition and Epidemiology
132. Pneumonia, Bronchiectasis, and Lung Abscess
132. Pneumonia, Bronchiectasis, and Lung Abscess
132-1. Empirical Antibiotic Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia - T
132-2. Empirical Antibiotic Treatment of Health Care-Associated Pneumonia - T
132-3. Pathogenic Mechanisms and Corresponding Prevention Strategies for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia - T
Bronchiectasis - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Clinical Manifestations - Bronchiectasis - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Clinical Manifestations - Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Pneumonia
Clinical Manifestations - Lung Abscess - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Pneumonia
Complications - Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Pneumonia
Diagnosis - Bronchiectasis - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Diagnosis - Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Pneumonia
Diagnosis - Lung Abscess - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Diagnosis - Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Epidemiology - Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Pneumonia
Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations - Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Etiology and Epidemiology - Bronchiectasis - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Follow-Up - Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Pneumonia
Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Lung Abscess - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Microbiology - Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Pneumonia
Microbiology - Lung Abscess - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Microbiology - Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Pathogenesis - Bronchiectasis - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
Pathophysiology - Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia - Health Care-Associated Pneumonia
133. Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Deep-Vein Thrombosis
133. Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Deep-Vein Thrombosis
133-1. Imaging Tests Useful to Diagnose DVT and PE - F
133-2. Acute Management of Pulmonary Thromboembolism - F
Clinical Evaluation
Definition and Natural History
134. Interstitial Lung Disease
134. Interstitial Lung Disease
134-1. Major Categories of Alveolar and Interstitial Inflammatory Lung Disease - T
Introduction
Principles of Management
Selected Individual ILDS
135. Diseases of the Pleura and Mediastinum
135. Diseases of the Pleura and Mediastinum
135-1. Approach to the Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions - F
135-1. Differential Diagnoses of Pleural Effusions - T
Mediastinal Disease
Pleural Effusion
Pneumothorax
136. Disorders of Ventilation
136. Disorders of Ventilation
Clinical Assessment - Hyperventilation
Clinical Assessment - Hypoventilation
Definition
Etiology - Hyperventilation
Etiology - Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
137. Sleep Apnea
137. Sleep Apnea
Clinical Assessment
Definition and Etiology
Section 9. Pulmonology
Section 10. Nephrology
138. Acute Renal Failure
138. Acute Renal Failure
138-1. Common Causes of Acute Kidney Injury - T
138-2. Urine Diagnostic Indices in Differentiation of Prerenal Versus Intrinsic Renal Azotemia - T
Characteristic Findings and Diagnostic Workup
Definition
Differential Diagnosis
139. Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremia
139. Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremia
139-1. Common Causes of Chronic Renal Failure - T
Differential Diagnosis
Epidemiology
The Uremic Syndrome
140. Dialysis
140. Dialysis
140-1. Complications of Hemodialysis - T
140-2. Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis - T
Hemodialysis
Overview
Peritoneal Dialysis
141. Renal Transplantation
141. Renal Transplantation
141-1. Some Factors that Influence Graft Survival in Renal Transplantation - T
141-2. Contraindications to Renal Transplantation - T
141-3. The Most Common Opportunistic Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients - T
Immunosuppression
Introduction
Other Complications
Rejection
142. Glomerular Diseases
142. Glomerular Diseases
142-1. Causes of Acute Glomerulonephritis - T
142-2. Causes of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis - T
142-3. Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) - T
142-4. Evaluation of Nephrotic Syndrome - T
142-5. Glomerular Causes of Asymptomatic Urinary Abnormalities - T
142-6. Serologic Findings in Selected Multisystem Diseases Causing Glomerular Disease - T
Acute Glomerulonephritis (GN)
Asymptomatic Urinary Abnormalities
Nephrotic Syndrome (NS)
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
143. Renal Tubular Disease
143. Renal Tubular Disease
143-1. Principal Causes of Tubulointerstitial Disease of the Kidney - T
143-2. Transport Dysfunction in Tubulointerstitial Disease - T
143-3. Causes of Acute Interstitial Nephritis - T
143-4. Renal Diseases Associated with Monoclonal Immunoglobulins - T
Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN)
Chronic Interstitial Nephritis (in)
Introduction
Monoclonal Immunoglobulins and Renal Disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)
144. Urinary Tract Infections and Interstitial Cystitis
144. Urinary Tract Infections and Interstitial Cystitis
144-1. Treatment Strategies for Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis - T
Interstitial Cystitis
Urinary Tract Infections
145. Nephrolithiasis
145. Nephrolithiasis
145-1. Workup for an Outpatient with A Renal Stone - T
145-2. Specific Therapies for Nephrolithiasis - T
Introduction
Signs and Symptoms
Stone Composition
Workup
146. Urinary Tract Obstruction
146. Urinary Tract Obstruction
146-1. Diagnostic Approach for Urinary Tract Obstruction in Unexplained Renal Failure - F
Clinical Manifestations
Introduction
Section 10. Nephrology
Section 11. Gastroenterology
147. Peptic Ulcer and Related Disorders
147. Peptic Ulcer and Related Disorders
147-1. Tests for Detection of H. Pylori - T
147-2. Regimens Recommended for Eradication of H. Pylori Infection - T
147-3. Surgical Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer - T
147-4. Differential Diagnostic Tests - T
Causes and Risk Factors - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Chronic Gastritis - Gastropathies
Clinical Features - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Complications - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Confirmatory - Diagnosis - Zollinger-Ellison (Z-E) Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
Detection of H. Pylori - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Diagnosis - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Diagnosis - Zollinger-Ellison (Z-E) Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
Differential Diagnosis - Zollinger-Ellison (Z-E) Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
Duodenal Ulcer - Causes and Risk Factors - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Duodenal Ulcer - Clinical Features - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Duodenal Ulcer - Diagnosis - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Erosive Gastropathies - Gastropathies
Gastric Ulcer - Causes and Risk Factors - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Gastric Ulcer - Clinical Features - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Gastric Ulcer - Diagnosis - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Gastropathies
General - Causes and Risk Factors - Peptic Ulcer Disease
Increased Gastric Acid Secretion - Differential Diagnosis - Zollinger-Ellison (Z-E) Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
Normal or Decreased Gastric Acid Secretion - Differential Diagnosis - Zollinger-Ellison (Z-E) Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Specific Types of Gastropathy or Gastritis - Gastropathies
Suggestive - Diagnosis - Zollinger-Ellison (Z-E) Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
Type A Gastritis - Chronic Gastritis - Gastropathies
Type B Gastritis - Chronic Gastritis - Gastropathies
Zollinger-Ellison (Z-E) Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
148. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
148. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
148-1. Epidemiology of IBD - T
148-1. Medical Management of IBD - F
Clinical Manifestations - Crohn's Disease (CD)
Clinical Manifestations - Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Complications - Crohn's Disease (CD)
Complications - Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Crohn's Disease (CD)
Diagnosis - Crohn's Disease (CD)
Diagnosis - Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Differential Diagnosis
Extraintestinal Manifestations of UC and CD
Infectious Enterocolitis - Differential Diagnosis
Introduction
Others - Differential Diagnosis
Pathology - Crohn's Disease (CD)
Pathology - Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
149. Colonic and Anorectal Diseases
149. Colonic and Anorectal Diseases
149-1. Diagnostic Criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome - T
149-2. Possible Drugs for A Dominant Symptom in IBS - T
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia - Vascular Disorders (Small and Large Intestine)
Anal Condylomas (Genital Warts) - Anorectal Diseases
Anal Fissures - Anorectal Diseases
Anorectal Diseases
Causes - Intestinal Pseudoobstruction
Chronic Mesenteric Insufficiency - Vascular Disorders (Small and Large Intestine)
Clinical Manifestations - Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Clinical Presentation - Diverticular Disease
Colonic Angiodysplasia
Diagnosis - Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Diverticular Disease
Hemorrhoids - Anorectal Diseases
Intestinal Pseudoobstruction
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Ischemic Colitis - Vascular Disorders (Small and Large Intestine)
Mechanisms of Mesenteric Ischemia - Vascular Disorders (Small and Large Intestine)
Pathophysiology - Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Pruritus Ani - Anorectal Diseases
Vascular Disorders (Small and Large Intestine)
150. Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis, and Cholangitis
150. Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis, and Cholangitis
150-1. Diagnostic Evaluation of the Bile Ducts - T
Acute Cholecystitis
Choledocholithiasis/Cholangitis
Cholelithiasis
Chronic Cholecystitis
Complications - Acute Cholecystitis
Complications - Choledocholithiasis/Cholangitis
Complications - Cholelithiasis
Differential Diagnosis - Acute Cholecystitis
Differential Diagnosis - Choledocholithiasis/Cholangitis
Differential Diagnosis - Cholelithiasis
Differential Diagnosis - Chronic Cholecystitis
Differential Diagnosis - Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Epidemiology - Cholelithiasis
Etiology - Acute Cholecystitis
Etiology - Choledocholithiasis/Cholangitis
Etiology - Chronic Cholecystitis
Etiology - Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Imaging - Acute Cholecystitis
Imaging - Choledocholithiasis/Cholangitis
Imaging - Cholelithiasis
Imaging - Chronic Cholecystitis
Laboratory - Acute Cholecystitis
Laboratory - Choledocholithiasis/Cholangitis
Laboratory - Cholelithiasis
Laboratory - Chronic Cholecystitis
Laboratory - Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Radiology/Endoscopy - Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Symptoms and Signs - Acute Cholecystitis
Symptoms and Signs - Choledocholithiasis/Cholangitis
Symptoms and Signs - Cholelithiasis
Symptoms and Signs - Chronic Cholecystitis
Symptoms and Signs - Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
151. Pancreatitis
151. Pancreatitis
151-1. Causes of Acute Pancreatitis - T
151-2. Severe Acute Pancreatitis - T
151-3. Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency: Tigar-O Classification System - T
Acute Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis
Clinical Features - Acute Pancreatitis
Complications - Acute Pancreatitis
Complications - Chronic Pancreatitis
Differential Diagnosis - Acute Pancreatitis
Differential Diagnosis - Chronic Pancreatitis
Etiology - Acute Pancreatitis
Etiology - Chronic Pancreatitis
Imaging - Acute Pancreatitis
Imaging - Chronic Pancreatitis
Laboratory - Acute Pancreatitis
Laboratory - Chronic Pancreatitis
Local - Complications - Acute Pancreatitis
Symptoms and Signs - Chronic Pancreatitis
Systemic - Complications - Acute Pancreatitis
152. Acute Hepatitis
152. Acute Hepatitis
152-1. Clinical and Epidemiologic Features of Viral Hepatitis - T
152-1. Scheme of Typical Clinical and Laboratory Features of HAV - F
152-2. Scheme of Typical Clinical and Laboratory Features of HBV - F
152-3. Scheme of Typical Laboratory Features during Acute Hepatitis C Progressing to Chronicity - F
Causes - Fulminant Hepatitis
Clinical Course - Hepatitis A (HAV) - Viral Hepatitis
Clinical Course - Hepatitis B (HBV) - Viral Hepatitis
Clinical Course - Hepatitis C (HCV) - Viral Hepatitis
Clinical Manifestations - Fulminant Hepatitis
Diagnosis - Hepatitis A (HAV) - Viral Hepatitis
Diagnosis - Hepatitis B (HBV) - Viral Hepatitis
Diagnosis - Hepatitis C (HCV) - Viral Hepatitis
Diagnosis - Hepatitis D (HDV, Delta Agent) - Viral Hepatitis
Dose-Dependent (Direct Hepatotoxins) - Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis
Epidemiology - Hepatitis A (HAV) - Viral Hepatitis
Epidemiology - Hepatitis B (HBV) - Viral Hepatitis
Epidemiology - Hepatitis C (HCV) - Viral Hepatitis
Epidemiology - Hepatitis D (HDV, Delta Agent) - Viral Hepatitis
Fulminant Hepatitis
Hepatitis A (HAV) - Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis B (HBV) - Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis C (HCV) - Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis D (HDV, Delta Agent) - Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis E (HEV) - Viral Hepatitis
Idiosyncratic - Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis
Outcome - Hepatitis A (HAV) - Viral Hepatitis
Outcome - Hepatitis B (HBV) - Viral Hepatitis
Prevention - Hepatitis A (HAV) - Viral Hepatitis
Prevention - Hepatitis B (HBV) - Viral Hepatitis
Prevention - Hepatitis C (HCV) - Viral Hepatitis
Prevention - Hepatitis D (HDV, Delta Agent) - Viral Hepatitis
Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis
Viral Hepatitis
153. Chronic Hepatitis
153. Chronic Hepatitis
153-1. Comparison of Pegylated Interferon (PEG IFN), Lamivudine, Adefovir, Entecavir, Telbivudine, and Tenofovir Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B - T
153-2. Recommendations for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B - T
153-3. Pegylated Interferon (PEG IFN) 2a and 2b for Chronic Hepatitis C - T
153-4. Indications and Recommendations for Antiviral Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C - T
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Chronic Hepatitis B
Chronic Hepatitis C
Classification - Autoimmune Hepatitis
Clinical Manifestations - Autoimmune Hepatitis
Etiology - Overview
Extrahepatic Manifestations - Autoimmune Hepatitis
Extrahepatic Manifestations (Immune Complex-Mediated) - Chronic Hepatitis B
Hepatitis A
Histologic Classification - Overview
Introduction
Overview
Presentation - Overview
Serologic Abnormalities - Autoimmune Hepatitis
154. Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Liver Disease
154. Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Liver Disease
154-1. Causes of Cirrhosis - T
154-2. Complications of Cirrhosis - T
154-3. Child-Pugh Classification of Cirrhosis - T
154-4. Indications for Liver Transplantation - T
154-5. Contraindications to Liver Transplantation - T
Adverse Prognostic Factors - Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic Hepatitis - Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Associated Diseases - Primary BILIARY Cirrhosis (PBC)
Causes - Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis
Clinical Manifestations - Cirrhosis
Clinical Manifestations - Primary BILIARY Cirrhosis (PBC)
Complications - Cirrhosis
Contraindications - Liver Transplantation
Diagnosis - Primary BILIARY Cirrhosis (PBC)
Diagnostic Studies - Cirrhosis
Fatty Liver - Alcoholic Liver Disease
Immunosuppression - Liver Transplantation
Laboratory Findings - Clinical Manifestations - Cirrhosis
Liver Transplantation
Medical Complications after Transplantation - Liver Transplantation
Other Metabolic Consequences of Alcoholism - Alcoholic Liver Disease
Primary BILIARY Cirrhosis (PBC)
Prognosis - Primary BILIARY Cirrhosis (PBC)
Selection of Donor - Liver Transplantation
Signs - Clinical Manifestations - Cirrhosis
Success Rate - Liver Transplantation
Symptoms - Clinical Manifestations - Cirrhosis
155. Portal Hypertension
155. Portal Hypertension
155-1. Classification of Portal Hypertension - T
Classification - Introduction
Clinical Features - Hepatic Encephalopathy
Consequences - Introduction
Diagnosis - Esophagogastric Varices
Esophagogastric Varices
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Introduction
Pathophysiology - Hepatic Encephalopathy
Precipitants - Hepatic Encephalopathy
Section 11. Gastroenterology
Section 12. Allergy, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology
156. Diseases of Immediate-Type Hypersensitivity
156. Diseases of Immediate-Type Hypersensitivity
156-1. Bioactive Mediators of Three Categories Generated by IgE-Dependent Activation of Murine Mast Cells Can Elicit Common but Sequential Target Cell Effects Leading to Acute and Sustained Inflammatory Responses - F
156-1. Classification of Urticaria and/or Angioedema - T
156-2. Diagnostic Criteria for Systemic Mastocytosis - T
Allergic Rhinitis
Classification and Etiology - Urticaria and Angioedema
Definition - Allergic Rhinitis
Definition - Systemic Mastocytosis
Definition - Urticaria and Angioedema
Diagnosis - Allergic Rhinitis
Diagnosis - Systemic Mastocytosis
Diagnosis - Urticaria and Angioedema
Differential Diagnosis - Allergic Rhinitis
Differential Diagnosis - Urticaria and Angioedema
Pathophysiology - Allergic Rhinitis
Pathophysiology - Urticaria and Angioedema
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations - Systemic Mastocytosis
Prevention - Allergic Rhinitis
Prevention - Urticaria and Angioedema
Systemic Mastocytosis
Urticaria and Angioedema
157. Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
157. Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
157-1. Classification of Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases - T
157-2. Test Most Frequently Used to Diagnose A Primary Immune Deficienc - T
B-Lymphocyte Deficiency Syndromes - Deficiences of the Adaptive Immune System - Classification
Classification
Deficiences of the Adaptive Immune System - Classification
Deficiencies of the Innate Immune System - Classification
Definition
Diagnosis
Other T Cell-Related Primary Immunodeficiencies - Deficiences of the Adaptive Immune System - Classification
Regulatory Defects - Classification
T-Lymphocyte Deficiency Syndromes - Deficiences of the Adaptive Immune System - Classification
158. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Other Connective Tissue Diseases
158. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Other Connective Tissue Diseases
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Articular Manifestations - Clinical Manifestations - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Clinical Manifestations - Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Clinical Manifestations - Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
Clinical Manifestations - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Clinical Manifestations - Sjögren's Syndrome
Clinical Manifestations - Systemic LUPUS Erythematosus (SLE)
Clinical Manifestations - Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma, SSC)
Connective Tissue Disease
Definition - Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Definition - Connective Tissue Disease
Definition - Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
Definition - Sjögren's Syndrome
Definition and Pathogenesis - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Definition and Pathogenesis - Systemic LUPUS Erythematosus (SLE)
Definition and Pathogenesis - Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma, SSC)
Diagnosis - Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Diagnosis - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Diagnosis - Sjögren's Syndrome
Diagnosis - Systemic LUPUS Erythematosus (SLE)
Differential Diagnosis - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Drug-Induced Lupus - Clinical Manifestations - Systemic LUPUS Erythematosus (SLE)
Evaluation - Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Evaluation - Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
Evaluation - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Evaluation - Sjögren's Syndrome
Evaluation - Systemic LUPUS Erythematosus (SLE)
Evaluation - Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma, SSC)
Extraarticular Manifestations - Clinical Manifestations - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Sjögren's Syndrome
Systemic LUPUS Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma, SSC)
159. Vasculitis
159. Vasculitis
159-1. Algorithm for the Approach to a Pt with Suspected Diagnosis of Vasculitis - F
159-1. Conditions that Can Mimic Vasculitis - T
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Definition and Pathogenesis
Differential Diagnosis
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Evaluation
Giant Cell Arteritis - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's) - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Idiopathic Cutaneous Vasculitis - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein) - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Microscopic Polyangiitis - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Miscellaneous Vasculitic Syndromes - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Polyarteritis Nodosa - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
Secondary Vasculitis Syndromes
Takayasu Arteritis - Primary Vasculitis Syndromes
160. Ankylosing Spondylitis
160. Ankylosing Spondylitis
160-1. ASAS Criteria for Classification of Axial Spondyloarthritis (to Be Applied for Patients with Back Pain3 Months and Age of Onset 2001 and Harmonizing Definition Criteria for the Metabolic Syndrome - T
160-2. ASAS Criteria for Peripheral Spondyloarthritis - T
Clinical Manifestations
Definition
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis - Diagnosis
Evaluation
Physical Examination
161. Psoriatic Arthritis
161. Psoriatic Arthritis
161-1. The CASPAR (Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis) Criteria - T
Definition
162. Reactive Arthritis
162. Reactive Arthritis
Clinical Manifestations
Definition
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
Outcome
Pathogenesis
163. Osteoarthritis
163. Osteoarthritis
Clinical Manifestations
Definition
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis - Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Evaluation
Pathogenesis
Physical Examination - Clinical Manifestations
Symptoms - Clinical Manifestations
164. Gout, Pseudogout, and Related Diseases
164. Gout, Pseudogout, and Related Diseases
164-1. Conditions Associated with CPPD Deposition Disease - T
164-2. Conditions Associated with Apatite Deposition Disease - T
Acute Gouty Arthritis - Gout
Calcium Apatite Deposition Disease
Calcium Oxalate Deposition Disease
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Deposition Disease (Pseudogout)
Clinical Manifestations - Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Deposition Disease (Pseudogout)
Clinical Manifestations - Gout
Definition - Gout
Definition and Pathogenesis - Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Deposition Disease (Pseudogout)
Diagnosis - Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Deposition Disease (Pseudogout)
Diagnosis - Gout
Differential Diagnosis - Diagnosis - Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Deposition Disease (Pseudogout)
Differential Diagnosis - Diagnosis - Gout
Gout
Pathogenesis - Gout
165. Other Musculoskeletal Disorders
165. Other Musculoskeletal Disorders
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Periarticular Disorders
Bursitis - Periarticular Disorders
Calcific Tendinitis - Periarticular Disorders
Enteropathic Arthritis
Fibromyalgia
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Neuropathic Joint Disease
Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)
Periarticular Disorders
Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR)
Relapsing Polychondritis
Tendinitis - Periarticular Disorders
Whipple's Disease - Enteropathic Arthritis
166. Sarcoidosis
166. Sarcoidosis
166-1. The Management of Acute Sarcoidosis is Based on Level of Symptoms and Extent of Organ Involvement - F
166-2. Approach to Chronic Disease is Based on Whether Glucocorticoid Therapy is Tolerated - F
Clinical Manifestations
Definition
Diagnosis
Evaluation
Outcome
Pathophysiology
167. Amyloidosis
167. Amyloidosis
167-1. Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Amyloidosis and Determination of Type - F
Classification
Clinical Manifestations
Definition
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Section 12. Allergy, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology
Section 13. Endocrinology and Metabolism
168. Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus
168. Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus
168-1. Diagram of Pituitary Axes - F
168-1. Hormone Replacement Therapy for Adult Hypopituitarism - T
Acromegaly - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Clinical Features - Acromegaly - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Clinical Features - Hyperprolactinemia - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Cushing's Disease - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Diagnosis - Acromegaly - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Diagnosis - Hyperprolactinemia - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Etiology - Acromegaly - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Etiology - Hyperprolactinemia - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Hyperprolactinemia - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Hypopituitarism
Nonfunctioning and Gonadotropin-Producing Adenomas - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
Pituitary Tumors
TSH-Secreting Adenomas - Pituitary Hormone Hypersecretion Syndromes
169. Diabetes Insipidus and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
169. Diabetes Insipidus and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
169-1. Causes of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - T
Clinical Features - Diabetes Insipidus
Clinical Features - Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Diabetes Insipidus
Diagnosis - Diabetes Insipidus
Etiology - Diabetes Insipidus
Etiology - Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
170. Thyroid Gland Disorders
170. Thyroid Gland Disorders
170-1. Causes of Hypothyroidism - T
170-1. Evaluation of Hypothyroidism - F
170-2. Evaluation of Thyrotoxicosis - F
170-3. Clinical Course of Subacute Thyroiditis - F
170-4. Approach to the Patient with a Thyroid Nodule - F
Amiodarone
Hypothyroidism
Nontoxic Goiter
Sick Euthyroid Syndrome
Thyroid Neoplasms
Thyrotoxicosis
Toxic Adenoma - Toxic Multinodular Goiter and Toxic Adenoma
Toxic Multinodular Goiter (MNG) - Toxic Multinodular Goiter and Toxic Adenoma
Toxic Multinodular Goiter and Toxic Adenoma
171. Adrenal Gland Disorders
171. Adrenal Gland Disorders
171-1. Management of the Patient with Suspected Cushing's Syndrome - F
171-2. Management of the Patient with an Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass - F
Addison's Disease - Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland
Clinical Features - Addison's Disease - Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland
Clinical Features - Cushing's Syndrome - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Clinical Features - Hyperaldosteronism - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Cushing's Syndrome - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Diagnosis - Addison's Disease - Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland
Diagnosis - Cushing's Syndrome - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Diagnosis - Hyperaldosteronism - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Etiology - Addison's Disease - Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland
Etiology - Cushing's Syndrome - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Etiology - Hyperaldosteronism - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Hyperaldosteronism - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
Hypoaldosteronism - Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland
Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland
Incidental Adrenal Masses
Syndromes of Adrenal Androgen Excess - Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Gland
172. Obesity
172. Obesity
172-1. Bariatric Surgical Procedures - F
172-1. Classification of Weight Status and Risk of Disease - T
Clinical Features
Etiology
173. Diabetes Mellitus
173. Diabetes Mellitus
173-1. Criteria for Testing for Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes in Asymptomatic Individuals - T
173-1. Glycemic Management of Type 2 Diabetes - F
173-2. Properties of Insulin Preparations - T
173-3. Agents Used for Treatment of Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes - T
173-4. Guidelines for Ongoing, Comprehensive Medical Care for Patients with Diabetes - T
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Etiology and Prevalence
174. Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
174. Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
174-1. Evaluation of Gynecomastia - F
Androgen Deficiency
Clinical Features - Androgen Deficiency
Clinical Features - Erectile Dysfunction
Clinical Features - Male Infertility
Erectile Dysfunction
Etiology - Androgen Deficiency
Etiology - Erectile Dysfunction
Etiology - Male Infertility
Male Infertility
175. Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
175. Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
175-1. Algorithm for Evaluation of Amenorrhea - F
175-1. Causes of Pelvic Pain - T
175-2. Algorithm for the Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of Hirsutism - F
175-3. Causes of Infertility - F
Acute Pelvic Pain - Pelvic Pain
Amenorrhea
Chronic Pelvic Pain - Pelvic Pain
Clinical Features - Hirsutism
Clinical Features - Infertility
Clinical Features - Menopause
Contraception
Diagnosis - Amenorrhea
Diagnosis - Hirsutism
Diagnosis - Pelvic Pain
Etiology - Amenorrhea
Etiology - Hirsutism
Etiology - Infertility
Etiology - Menopause
Etiology - Pelvic Pain
Hirsutism
Infertility
Menopause
Pelvic Pain
176. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
176. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
176-1. Classification of Causes of Hypercalcemia - T
176-1. Feedback Mechanisms Maintaining Extracellular Calcium Concentrations Within a Narrow, Physiologic Range (8 - F
176-2. Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia: Laboratory Criteria - T
176-3. Therapies for Severe Hypercalcemia - T
Clinical Features - Hypercalcemia
Diagnosis - Hypercalcemia
Etiology - Hypercalcemia
Etiology - Hypocalcemia
Etiology - Hypomagnesemia
Etiology - Hypophosphatemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypophosphatemia
177. Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia
177. Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia
177-1. Risk Factors for Osteoporosis Fracture - T
177-2. Conditions, Diseases, and Medications that Contribute to Osteoporosis and Fractures - T
177-3. Indications for Bone Density Testing - T
Clinical Features - Osteomalacia
Clinical Features - Osteoporosis
Etiology - Osteomalacia
Etiology - Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
178. Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia
178. Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia
178-1. Primary Hyperlipoproteinemias Caused by Known Single-Gene Mutations - T
178-2. Summary of the Major Approved Drugs Used for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia - T
APO CII Deficiency - Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia
DysÃlipoproteinemia - Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) - Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia
Familial Defective APO B-100 - Isolated Hypercholesterolemia
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) - Isolated Hypercholesterolemia
Familial Hypertriglyceridemia - Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia
Isolated Hypercholesterolemia
Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency - Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia
Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia - Isolated Hypercholesterolemia
Prevention of the Complications of Atherosclerosis
179. Hemochromatosis, Porphyrias, and Wilson's Disease
179. Hemochromatosis, Porphyrias, and Wilson's Disease
179-1. Algorithm for Screening for HFE-Associated Hemochromatosis - F
Acute Intermittent Porphyria - Porphyrias
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria - Porphyrias
Hemochromatosis
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda - Porphyrias
Porphyrias
Wilson's Disease
Section 13. Endocrinology and Metabolism
Section 14. Neurology
180. The Neurologic Examination
180. The Neurologic Examination
180-1. Muscles that Move Joints - T
180-1. The Cutaneous Fields of Peripheral Nerves - F
180-2. Distribution of the Sensory Spinal Roots on the Surface of the Body (Dermatomes) - F
180-2. Findings Helpful for Localizations Within the Nervous System - T
CN I - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN II - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN III, IV, VI - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN IX, X - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN V - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN VII - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN VIII - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN XI - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN XII - Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
Coordination and GAIT
Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
Mental Status Examination
Motor Examination
Reflexes
Sensory Examination
The Neurologic Method and Localization
181. Seizures and Epilepsy
181. Seizures and Epilepsy
181-1. Classification of Seizures - T
181-1. Evaluation of the Adult Pt with a Seizure - F
181-2. Causes of Seizures - T
181-3. Differential Diagnosis of Seizures - T
181-4. Drugs and Other Substances that Can Cause Seizures - T
181-5. Dosage and Adverse Effects of Commonly Used Antiepileptic Drugs - T
181-6. Selection of Antiepileptic Drugs - T
Brain Imaging - Laboratory Evaluation
Clinical Evaluation
Electroencephalography - Laboratory Evaluation
Laboratory Evaluation
182. Dementia
182. Dementia
182-1. Differential Diagnosis of Dementia - T
182-1. Diffuse White Matter Disease - F
182-2. Clinical Differentiation of the Major Dementias - T
182-3. Evaluation of the Patient with Dementia - T
Alzheimer's Disease
Other Causes of Dementia
183. Parkinson's Disease
183. Parkinson's Disease
183-1. Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonism - T
183-1. Treatment Options for the Management of Parkinson's Disease (PD) - F
183-2. Features Suggesting an Atypical or Secondary Cause of Parkinsonism - T
183-3. Drugs Commonly Used for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease - T
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathophysiology
184. Ataxic Disorders
184. Ataxic Disorders
184-1. Etiology of Cerebellar Ataxia - T
184-1. Sagittal MRI of the Brain of a 60-Year-Old Man with Gait Ataxia and Dysarthria Due to Sca1, Illustrating Cerebellar Atrophy (Arrows) - F
Clinical Presentation
Evaluation
Inherited Ataxias
185. ALS and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
185. ALS and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
185-1. Sporadic Motor Neuron Diseases - T
185-2. Etiology of Motor Neuron Disorders - T
Clinical Features
Laboratory Evaluation
Pathophysiology
186. Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
186. Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
186-1. Functional Consequences of Normal Ans Activation - T
186-1. Schematic Representation of the Autonomic Nervous System - F
186-2. Classification of Clinical Autonomic Disorders - T
186-3. Initial Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension (OH) - T
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy and Causalgia)
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
187. Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell's Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
187. Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell's Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
187-1. The Three Major Sensory Divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve Consist of the Ophthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular Nerves - F
187-1. Trigeminal Nerve Disorders - T
187-2. Disorders and Conditions Associated with Compromised Olfactory Function, as Measured by Olfactory Testing - T
187-2. The Facial Nerve - F
187-3. Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus in Coronal Section, Illustrating the Location of the Cranial Nerves in Relation to the Vascular Sinus, Internal Carotid Artery (Which Loops Anteriorly to the Section), and Surrounding Structures - F
Bell's Palsy - Facial Weakness (Facial Nerve [vii])
Disorders of the Sense of Smell - Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
Dysphagia and Dysphonia - Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
Facial Pain or Numbness (Trigeminal Nerve [v])
Facial Weakness (Facial Nerve [vii])
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia - Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies
Neck Weakness - Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
Other Facial Nerve Disorders - Facial Weakness (Facial Nerve [vii])
Tongue Paralysis - Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) - Facial Pain or Numbness (Trigeminal Nerve [v])
Trigeminal Neuropathy - Facial Pain or Numbness (Trigeminal Nerve [v])
188. Spinal Cord Diseases
188. Spinal Cord Diseases
188-1. Transverse Section through the Spinal Cord, Composite Representation, Illustrating the Principal Ascending (Left) and Descending (Right) Pathways - F
188-1. Treatable Spinal Cord Disorders - T
188-2. Epidural Spinal Cord Compression Due to Breast Carcinoma - F
188-3. Arteriovenous Malformation - F
Acute and Subacute Spinal Cord Diseases
Cauda Equina (Cluster of Nerve Roots Derived from Lower Cord) - Specific Signs by Spinal Cord Level
Cervical Cord - Specific Signs by Spinal Cord Level
Chronic Myelopathies
Complications
Intramedullary and Extramedullary Syndromes
Lesions Near the Foramen Magnum - Specific Signs by Spinal Cord Level
Lumbar Cord - Specific Signs by Spinal Cord Level
Sacral Cord (Conus Medullaris) - Specific Signs by Spinal Cord Level
Specific Signs by Spinal Cord Level
Symptoms and Signs
Thoracic Cord - Specific Signs by Spinal Cord Level
189. Tumors of the Nervous System
189. Tumors of the Nervous System
189-1. Frequency of Nervous System Metastases by Common Primary Tumors - T
189-1. Postgadolinium T1 MRI of a Large Cystic Left Frontal Glioblastoma - F
189-2. Postgadolinium T1 MRI Demonstrating Multiple Meningiomas along the Falx and Left Parietal Cortex - F
Astrocytomas - Primary Intracranial Tumors
Complications of Radiation Therapy
Ependymomas - Primary Intracranial Tumors
Leptomeningeal Metastases - Tumors Metastatic to the Nervous System
Medulloblastomas - Primary Intracranial Tumors
Meningiomas - Primary Intracranial Tumors
Oligodendrogliomas - Primary Intracranial Tumors
Primary CNS Lymphomas - Primary Intracranial Tumors
Primary Intracranial Tumors
Schwannomas - Primary Intracranial Tumors
Spinal Cord Compression from Metastases - Tumors Metastatic to the Nervous System
Tumors Metastatic to the Nervous System
190. Multiple Sclerosis
190. Multiple Sclerosis
190-1. Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - T
190-1. MRI Findings in MS - F
190-2. Disorders that Can Mimic Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - T
190-2. Therapeutic Decision-Making for MS - F
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Acute Relapses
Clinical Features
Clinical Variants of MS
Disease Course
Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing Forms of MS (RRMS, SPMS with Exacerbations)
Laboratory Evaluation
Physical Examination
Progressive Symptoms
Symptomatic Therapy
191. Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis
191. Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis
191-1. Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities in Bacterial Meningitis - T
191-1. The Management of Pts with Suspected CNS Infection - F
191-2. Antibiotics Used in Empirical Therapy of Bacterial Meningitis and Focal Central Nervous System Infections - T
191-2. Coronal Flair Magnetic Resonance Image from a Pt with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis - F
191-3. Antimicrobial Therapy of Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections Based on Pathogen - T
191-4. Viruses Causing Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis in North America - T
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Brain Abscess
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Viral Encephalitis
Viral Meningitis
192. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
192. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
192-1. Symptoms and Signs of Chronic Meningitis - T
192-2. Infectious Causes of Chronic Meningitis - T
192-3. Noninfectious Causes of Chronic Meningitis - T
Clinical Features
193. Peripheral Neuropathies, Including Guillain-Barré Syndrome
193. Peripheral Neuropathies, Including Guillain-Barré Syndrome
193-1. Approach to Evaluation of Peripheral Neuropathies - F
193-1. Patterns of Neuropathic Disorders - T
193-2. Treatment of Painful Sensory Neuropathies - T
193-3. Mononeuropathies - T
Clinical Features - Mononeuropathy
Diagnostic Evaluation - Polyneuropathy
Electrodiagnosis - Polyneuropathy
Mononeuropathy
Polyneuropathy
Specific Polyneuropathies - Polyneuropathy
194. Myasthenia Gravis
194. Myasthenia Gravis
194-1. Algorithm for the Management of Myasthenia Gravis - F
194-1. Drugs with Interactions in Myasthenia Gravis (MG) - T
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Laboratory Evaluation
Pathophysiology
195. Muscle Diseases
195. Muscle Diseases
195-1. Diagnostic Evaluation of Intermittent Weakness - F
195-1. Features Associated with Inflammatory Myopathies - T
195-2. Diagnostic Evaluation of Persistent Weakness - F
195-2. Drug-Induced Myopathies - T
Disorders of Muscle Energy Metabolism
Drug-Induced Myopathies
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy - Muscular Dystrophies
Endocrine and Metabolic Myopathies
Facioscapulohumeral (FSH) Dystrophy - Muscular Dystrophies
Inflammatory Myopathies
Limb-Girdle Dystrophy - Muscular Dystrophies
Mitochondrial Myopathies
Muscular Dystrophies
Myotonic Dystrophy - Muscular Dystrophies
Oculopharyngeal Dystrophy - Muscular Dystrophies
Periodic Paralyses
Section 14. Neurology
Section 15. Psychiatry and Substance Abuse
196. Psychiatric Disorders
196. Psychiatric Disorders
196-1. A Guideline for the Medical Management of Major Depressive Disorder - F
Anxiety Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive Illness) - Mood Disorders (Major Affective Disorders) - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Cluster A Personality Disorders - Personality Disorders
Cluster B Personality Disorders - Personality Disorders
Cluster C Personality Disorders - Personality Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - Anxiety Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Introduction
Major Depression - Mood Disorders (Major Affective Disorders) - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Mood Disorders (Major Affective Disorders) - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Anxiety Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Panic Disorder - Anxiety Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Personality Disorders
Phobic Disorders - Anxiety Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Anxiety Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Schizophrenia - Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
Somatic Symptom Disorder - Anxiety Disorders - Major Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I Diagnoses)
197. Psychiatric Medications
197. Psychiatric Medications
197-1. Antidepressants - T
197-2. Anxiolytics - T
197-3. Antipsychotic Agents - T
197-4. Clinical Pharmacology of Mood Stabilizers - T
Antidepressants
Antipsychotic Medications
Anxiolytics
First-Generation Antipsychotics - Antipsychotic Medications
General Principles of Use
Introduction
Second-Generation Antipsychotics - Antipsychotic Medications
198. Eating Disorders
198. Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa - Clinical Features
Bulimia Nervosa - Clinical Features
Clinical Features
Definitions and Epidemiology
Prognosis
199. Alcohol Use Disorder
199. Alcohol Use Disorder
199-1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Classification of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) - T
199-2. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) - T
Alcohol Intoxication - Clinical Features
Alcohol Withdrawal - Clinical Features
Clinical Features
Delirium Tremens (DTs) - Clinical Features
Introduction
Laboratory Findings
Wernicke's Encephalopathy - Clinical Features
200. Narcotic Abuse
200. Narcotic Abuse
Acute Effects - Clinical Features
Chronic Effects - Clinical Features
Clinical Features
Introduction
Prevention
Withdrawal - Clinical Features
Section 15. Psychiatry and Substance Abuse
Section 16. Disease Prevention and Health Maintenance
201. Routine Disease Screening
201. Routine Disease Screening
201-1. Age-Specific Causes of Mortality and Corresponding Preventative Options - T
201-2. Clinical Preventive Services for Normal-Risk Adults Recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force - T
Introduction
202. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
202. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
202-1. Established Atherosclerotic Risk Factors - T
202-2. Groups Recommended for Statin Therapy - T
Antithrombotic Therapy in Primary Prevention - Prevention
Cigarette Smoking - Established Risk Factors
Diabetes Mellitus/Insulin Resistance/Metabolic Syndrome - Established Risk Factors
Emerging Risk Factors
Established Risk Factors
Homocysteine - Emerging Risk Factors
Hypertension - Established Risk Factors
Inflammation - Emerging Risk Factors
Introduction
Lifestyle Modifications - Prevention
Lipid Disorders - Established Risk Factors
Male Sex/Postmenopausal State - Established Risk Factors
Prevention
203. Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer
203. Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer
203-1. Lifestyle Factors that Reduce Cancer Risk - T
203-2. Screening Recommendations for Asymptomatic Subjects not Known to Be at Increased Risk for the Target Condition - T
Breast Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Cervical Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Colorectal Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Diagnosis - Breast Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Head and Neck Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Interventions - Breast Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Interventions - Cervical Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Interventions - Colorectal Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Interventions - Head and Neck Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Interventions - Lung Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Interventions - Prostate Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Introduction
Lung Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
Patient Education in Early Detection
Prostate Cancer - Cancer Prevention in High-Risk Groups
204. Smoking Cessation
204. Smoking Cessation
204-1. Relative Risks for Current Smokers of Cigarettes - T
204-2. Clinical Practice Guidelines - T
Introduction
Prevention
205. Women's Health
205. Women's Health
Alzheimer's Disease - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Autoimmune Disorders - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Coronary Heart Disease - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Diabetes Mellitus - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
HIV Infection - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Hypertension - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Introduction
Obesity - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Osteoporosis - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Pharmacology - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Psychological Disorders - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Sleep Disorders - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Substance Abuse and Tobacco - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Violence Against Women - Sex Differences in Health and Disease
Section 16. Disease Prevention and Health Maintenance
Section 17. Adverse Drug Reactions
206. Adverse Drug Reactions
206. Adverse Drug Reactions
206-1. Clinical Manifestations of Adverse Reactions to Drugs - T
Introduction
Recognition
Section 17. Adverse Drug Reactions
Front Matter
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Editors
Glossary
Preface
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