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Davis's NCLEX-RN® Success
Medication Administration: Infants and Children
Table of Contents
Free Topics
A Timetable to Use in Preparing for the NCLEX-RN[®]
About
About the Editor/Authors
Acknowledgments
Antepartum
Congenital Disorders
Contributors
Decision Making Regarding Reproduction
Dedications
Endocrine System - Physiological Integrity
Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat
Flowchart - Pathophysiological Effects of Lead Poisoning -Flowchart
Flowchart - Typical Procedure for Involuntary Commitment -Flowchart
Intravenous Therapy/Blood Administration
Management of Care
Neurological System - Physiological Integrity
Pain Management
Preface
Respiratory System - Physiological Integrity
1. Orientation and Pre-Tests
1. Orientation and Pre-Tests
Figure(s)
1-1. Sample Appearance of NCLEX-RN[®] Question on Computer Screen
Orientation
After Reviewing - How to Use This Review Resource as a Study Guide
As a General Study Guide and as a Refresher for Nurses not Presently in Practice - How to Use This Review Resource as a Study Guide
As a Starting Point - How to Use This Review Resource as a Study Guide
As an Anxiety-Reduction Tool - How to Use This Review Resource as a Study Guide
As an Endpoint - How to Use This Review Resource as a Study Guide
How to Prepare for and Score Higher on Examinations
How to Reduce Anxiety
How to Use This Review Resource as a Study Guide
Instructions - How to Reduce Anxiety
Key Points to Recall for Better Study
Memorization: Purpose and Strategies
Orientation
Prepare Physically and Mentally - How to Prepare for and Score Higher on Examinations
Progressive Relaxation - How to Reduce Anxiety
Suggestions for Additional Experiential Vignettes - How to Reduce Anxiety
The Mechanics of the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses-Computer Adaptive Test (NCLEX-RN[®])
The Psychology of Test-Taking - How to Prepare for and Score Higher on Examinations
Tips for NCLEX-RN[®] - How to Prepare for and Score Higher on Examinations
Tips for Other (Pencil-and-Paper) Tests and Examinations - How to Prepare for and Score Higher on Examinations
Where to Begin - How to Use This Review Resource as a Study Guide
While Reviewing - How to Use This Review Resource as a Study Guide
Pre-Test 1 and 2: Introduction to Special Questions Based on Official NCLEX-RN[®]
Introduction
Pre-Test 1 and 2: Introduction to Special Questions Based on Official NCLEX-RN[®]
Pre-Test 1: Questions
Pre-Test 2: Questions
Table(s)
1-1. Description of NCLEX[®] Question Formats
1-2. Examination Weight Given to Each Category of Health Needs of Clients Based on Current Practice Analysis Study
2. Guidelines and Tips for International Nurses and Repeat Test-Takers
2. Guidelines and Tips for International Nurses and Repeat Test-Takers
Tips for NCLEX-RN[®] Candidates Who Must Repeat the Examination
A Guide for Graduates of Nursing Schools Outside the United States
How Do You Know What You Need to Review?
How Will You Know that You are Well-Prepared and Ready to Retake the Examination?
It is not a Matter of How Much You Study for the Test, but How You Use the Review Material
Purpose of This Section
Test-Taking-Tips and Guidelines: Sixty Strategies to Use in Answering Question
Tips for NCLEX-RN[®] Candidates Who Must Repeat the Examination
What are Some Risk Factors for not Passing the First Time?
What is the Difference Between Taking This Examination for the First Time and Repeating It?
What to Do to Pass Next Time
3. Safe, Effective Care Environment
3. Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cultural Diversity in Nursing Practice
Figure(s)
3-1. Typical Procedure for Involuntary Commitment
Legal Aspects of Nursing
Management of Care
Nursing Ethics
Questions Most Frequently Asked by Nurses About Nursing and the Law
Ethical and Legal Considerations in Intensive Care of the Acutely Ill Neonate
Legal Aspects of Preparing a Client for Surgery
Legal Aspects of Psychiatric Care
Nursing Organizations
Questions
Questions Most Frequently Asked by Nurses About Nursing and the Law
Safety and Infection Control: Guidelines for Isolation and Standard Precautions
Trends in Nursing Practice
Religious and Spiritual Influences on Health
Table(s)
3-1. Cultural Influences on Health-Care Practices with Children and Adults
3-10. Safety and Injury PreventionâHome Safety
3-2. Guidelines for Isolation Precautions
3-3. Contact PrecautionsâSummary
3-4. Standard PrecautionsâSummary
3-5. Airborne and Droplet PrecautionsâSummary
3-6. Infection Control
3-7. Infection Control When Caring for Infants, Children, and Adolescents
3-8. Summary: Types of Precautions and Illnesses Requiring the Precautions
3-9. Safety Considerations When Caring for Hospitalized Infants, Children, and Adolescents
4. Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. Health Promotion and Maintenance
Childbearing: Pregnancy by Trimester
Antepartum
Childbearing: Pregnancy by Trimester
Common Complications of Pregnancy
First-Trimester Complications - Common Complications of Pregnancy
Lifestyle Choices and Influences that Impact Health in Pregnancy, Intrapartum, Postpartum, and Newborn
Prenatal Management
Second-Trimester Complications - Common Complications of Pregnancy
Third-Trimester Complications - Common Complications of Pregnancy
Figure(s)
4-1. The Female Pelvis
4-10. Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) Decelerations and Nursing Interventions
4-11. Fetal Circulation
4-2. Female Internal Reproductive Organs
4-3. The Menstrual Cycle
4-4. Basal Body Temperature Chart
4-5. Amniocentesis
4-6. Ectopic Pregnancy
4-7. The Fetal Head
4-8. Categories of Fetal Presentation
4-9. Cardinal Movements in the Mechanism of Labor with the Fetus in Vertex Presentation
Growth and Development
Biological Foundations of Reproduction
Biological Foundations of Reproduction - Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
Decision Making Regarding Reproduction
Growth and Development
Table(s)
4-1. Contraception
4-10. First Stage of Labor
4-11. Assessment: Differentiation of False/True Labor
4-12. Apgar Score
4-13. Postpartum Infections
4-14. Physical Assessment of the Term Neonate
4-15. Assessment: Normal Newborn Reflexes
4-16. Estimation of Gestational Age: Common Clinical Parameters
4-17. Infant Stool Characteristics
4-2. Sterilization
4-3. Interruption of Pregnancy (Elective/Voluntary Abortion)
4-4. Hormones of Pregnancy
4-5. Blood Values
4-6. Common Discomforts During Pregnancy
4-7. Behavioral Changes in Pregnancy
4-8. Emergency Conditions
4-9. Comparison of Placenta Previa and Abruptio Placenta
The Intrapartum Experience
Complications During the Intrapartum Period
The Intrapartum Experience
The Newborn Infant
Complications During the Neonatal Period: the High-Risk Newborn
Congenital Disorders
Emotional Support of the High-Risk Infant
General Aspects: Nursing Care of the High-Risk Infant and Family
Questions
The Newborn Infant
The Postpartum Period
Complications During the Postpartum Period
The Postpartum Period
5. Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cardiovascular System
Coping and Adaptation in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Developmental Disabilities
Figure(s)
5-1. CPR Recommendations for the Healthcare Provider
5-10. Genetic Transmission of Sickle Cell Anemia
5-11. Genetic Transmission of Hemophilia
5-12. Signs of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
5-13. The Four Major Curve Patterns in Idiopathic Scoliosis
5-14. Pathophysiological Effects of Lead Poisoning
5-2. Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Management
5-3. Atrial Septal Defect
5-4. Ventricular Septal Defect
5-5. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
5-6. Tetralogy of Fallot
5-7. Transposition of the Great Arteries
5-8. Sequelae of Strep Infections
5-9. Esophageal Malformations
Gastrointestinal System
Disorders of Motility
Gastrointestinal System
Obstructive Disorders
Structural Defects
Genitourinary System
Endocrine System
Genitourinary System
Genitourinary Tract Disorder
Glomerular Diseases
Hematological System
Kidney Tumor
Growth and Development
Immunological System
Accidents: Ingestions and Poisonings
Immunological System
Integumentary System
Musculoskeletal and Neuromuscular Systems
Pediatric Surgeries: Nursing Considerations
Questions
Selected Pediatric Emergencies
Streptococcus Infections/Sequelae
Management of Care of Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Neurological System
Prevention and Early Detection of Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Psychosocialcultural Functions
Respiratory System
Safety and Infection Control for Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Table(s)
5-1. Stages of Spiritual Development in Childhood
5-10. Comparison of Common Oxygen Delivery Systems
5-11. Guidelines for Home Care of Infant on Apnea Monitor
5-12. SIDS: What to Tell Families
5-13. Comparison of Acyanotic and Cyanotic Heart Disease
5-14. Overview of the Most Common Types of Congenital Heart Disease
5-15. Comparison of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
5-16. Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration in Infants and Young Children
5-17. Comparison of Nephrosis and Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
5-18. Differences Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
5-19. Communicable Diseases of Childhood
5-2. Child Preventive Care Timeline
5-20. Common Pediatric Orthopedic Conditions
5-21. Comparison of Two Major Types of Spina Bifida
5-22. Pediatric Surgeries: Nursing Considerations
5-3. Recommended Health Screenings for Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Specific Conditions
5-4. Pediatric Behavioral Concerns: Nursing Implications and Parental Guidance
5-5. Pediatric Sleep and Rest Norms: Nursing Implications and Parental Guidance
5-6. Normal Vital Signs: Measurements and Variations with Age
5-7. Facts About the Denver II Developmental Assessment
5-8. Nursing Care of Hospitalized Infants and Children: Key Developmental Differences
5-9. Pediatric Respiratory Infections
6. Physiological Integrity
6. Physiological Integrity
Assessment of the Adult Client
Assessment of the Adult Client
Nursing History - Subjective Data
Objective Data
Subjective Data
Figure(s)
6-1. Cranial Nerves and Their Distributions
6-10. Colostomy Sites
6-11. Av Shunt (Cannulae)
6-12. Av Fistula
6-13. Types of Fractures and Terminology
6-14. Types of Skin and Skeletal Traction
6-15. Rheumatoid Arthritis
6-16. Breast Self-Examination
6-17. Testicular Self-Examination
6-2. Closed Drainage System for Constant Suction
6-3. Pneumothorax
6-4. Interpretation of Normal Cardiac Cycle
6-5. Angina Pectoris
6-6. Arterial Balloon Angioplasty
6-7. Bypass
6-8. Hiatal Hernia
6-9. Abdominal Pain by Location
Growth and Development
Adulthood (31 to 45 Years of Age)
Cardiovascular System
Early Late Years (65 to 79 Years of Age)
Emergency Nursing Procedures
Endocrine System
Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
Gastrointestinal System
Genitourinary System
Growth and Development - Physiological Integrity
Hematological System
Immunological System
Integumentary System
Later Years (80 Years of Age and Older)
Middle Life (46 to 64 Years of Age)
Musculoskeletal System
Neurological System
Neuromuscular System
Oncological Disorders
Pain Management
Questions
Respiratory System
The Perioperative Experience
Young Adulthood (20 to 30 Years of Age)
Table(s)
6-1. Factors Affecting Vital Signs
6-10. Required Pain Assessment on Admission for Clients Who are Hospitalized
6-11. Format for Assessing Pain
6-12. Levels of Consciousness
6-13. Glasgow Coma Scale
6-14. Differentiating Between Causes of Dyspnea
6-15. Comparison of Pneumothorax and Hemothorax
6-16. Tracheostomy Suctioning Procedure
6-17. Imbalances in Blood Pressure: Comparative Assessment of Hypotension and Hypertension
6-18. Comparison of Selected Cardiac Dysrhythmias
6-19. Comparison of Physical Causes of Chest Pain
6-2. Preventive Care Timelines
6-20. Comparison of Symptomatology for Valvular Defects
6-21. Left Ventricular Compared with Right Ventricular Heart Failure
6-22. Signs of Hypovolemic Shock
6-23. Nursing Responsibilities with Anticoagulant Therapy
6-24. Etiology, Incidence, and Epidemiological and Clinical Comparison of Hepatitis a, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Delta Hepatitis
6-25. Comparison of Ileostomy and Colostomy
6-26. Colostomy Irrigation
6-27. Comparison of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
6-28. Comparison of Diabetic Complications
6-29. Infectious Diseases: Animal-Borne
6-3. 2011 Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule
6-30. Recognizing Bioterrorism Agents and Associated Syndromes
6-31. Burn Characteristics According to Depth of Injury
6-32. Topical Antimicrobials Used in Burn Care
6-33. Wound Coverings
6-34. Complications of Immobilization
6-35. Complications of Fractures
6-36. Assessing Injured Limb: CSM
6-37. Teaching Crutch Walking
6-38. Measuring Crutches Correctly
6-39. Fractures of the Hip
6-4. Diabetes Insipidus (DI) Versus Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
6-40. Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear Classes
6-41. Uterine Cancer: Recommended Treatment, by Stage of Invasion
6-42. International System of Staging for Cervical Carcinoma
6-43. Selected Cancer Problems
6-44. Nursing Care of the Adult in Medical and Surgical Emergencies
6-5. Electrolyte Imbalances
6-6. Blood Gas Variations with Acid-Base Imbalances
6-7. Blood Gas Abnormalities: Causes
6-8. Acid-Base Imbalances
6-9. Postoperative Complications
7. Physiological Integrity
7. Physiological Integrity
Introduction
Questions
Table(s)
7-1. Medications that Should not Be Used by Geriatric Clients
7-2. Most Frequent Issues in the Care of the Geriatric Client
7-3. Functional Rating Scale for the Geriatric Client
7-4. Functional Screening Examination
8. Physiological Integrity
8. Physiological Integrity
Absorption Rates by Different Routes
Antineoplastic Drug Classifications
Common Medications
Common Side Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Conversions and Calculations in Medication Administration
Dietary Supplements and Herbs
Equianalgesic Dosing for Opioid Analgesics
Food/Fluid-Medication Interactions
Intravenous Therapy/Blood Administration
Medication Administration: Infants and Children
Mind-Altering Substances
Properties of Selected Analgesic Agents
Psychotropic Medications
Questions
Regional Analgesia-Anesthesia in Labor and Birth
Table(s)
8-1. Commonly Used Intravenous Fluids
8-10. Food and Fluid Considerations with Drugs
8-11. Antineoplastic Drug Classifications
8-12. Common Side Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents
8-13. Properties of Selected Analgesic Agents
8-14. Equianalgesic Dosing for Opioid Analgesics
8-15. Dietary Supplements and Herbal Products Used for Psychiatric Conditions
8-16. Herbs and Potential Dangers
8-17. Common Medications
8-2. Transfusion with Blood or Blood Products
8-3. Complications of IV Therapy
8-4. Complications Associated with Total Parenteral Nutrition
8-5. Antipsychotic AgentsâComparison of Side Effects
8-6. Antianxiety Agents: Comparison
8-7. Major Substances Used for Mind Alteration
8-8. Rates of Absorption by Different Routes
8-9. Regional Analgesia-Anesthesia for Labor and Birth
9. Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort—Nutrition
9. Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort—Nutrition
Figure(s)
9-1. MyplateâGuide to Daily Food Choices
Population-Specific Nutritional Needs
Anticancer Nutrients and Nonnutritive Compounds
Common Therapeutic Diets
Common Vitamins and Nutrients and Related Deficiencies
Cultural Food Patterns
Food List for Menu Planning
Medical Conditions with Dietary Management
Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation
Nutritional Needs of the Geriatric Client
Nutritional Needs of the Newborn
Population-Specific Nutritional Needs
Questions
Religious Considerations in Meal Planning
Special Diets
Table(s)
9-1. Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy
9-2. Eating Problems of the Geriatric Client and Ways to Improve Nutrition
9-3. Cultural Food Patterns
9-4. Hot-Cold Theory of Disease Treatment
9-5. Physiological Functions of Common Vitamins and Related Deficiencies
9-6. Essential Nutrients and Potential Deficiencies
9-7. Medical Conditions with Dietary Management
10. Psychosocial Integrity
10. Psychosocial Integrity
Figure(s)
10-1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
10-2. Operationalization of the Behavioral Concept of Masturbation
10-3. Grief Versus Depression
10-4. Operationalization of the Behavioral Concept of Manipulation
10-5. Symptoms Associated with Alcohol Withdrawal
10-6. Adaptation Responses to Anxiety on a Continuum
10-7. Levels of Depression
10-8. Victim Decisions Following a Sexual Assault
Psychosocial Growth and Development
Alcohol Use Disorders: Alcohol Abuse and Dependence - Substance-Related Disorders
Alterations in Self-Concept
Anorexia Nervosa/Bulimia Nervosa - Eating Disorders
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders - Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety and Phobic Neuroses)
Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety and Phobic Neuroses)
Bipolar Disorders - Mood Disorders
Body Image and Obesity
Body Image Development and Disturbances Throughout the Life Cycle
Body Image Disturbance Caused by Amputation
Body Image Disturbance in Brain Attack (Stroke)
Body Image Disturbance in Myocardial Infarction
Body Image Disturbance-Selected Examples
Common Behavioral Problems
Concept of Death Throughout the Life Cycle
Conversion Disorder (Hysterical Neuroses, Conversion Type) - Somatoform Disorders
Crisis Intervention
Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders
Delusional (Paranoid) Disorders
Dissociative Disorders (Hysterical Neuroses, Dissociative Type)
Eating Disorders
End-of-Life: Death and Dying
General Issues - Sexual-Health Counseling
General Principles of Health Teaching
Grief/Bereavement
Human Sexuality Throughout the Life Cycle
Hypochondriasis (Hypochondriacal Neurosis) - Somatoform Disorders
Interviewing
Major Depressive Disorder - Mood Disorders
Major Theoretical Models
Mental and Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Mental Health Problems of the Geriatric Client
Mental Status Assessment
Midlife Crisis: Phase-of-Life Problems
Mood Disorders
Other Conditions in Which Psychological Factors Affect Medical Conditions (Psychophysiological Disorders)
Other Substance-Related Disorders - Substance-Related Disorders
Patterns of Adjustment (Defense Mechanisms)
Personality Disorders
Psychiatric Emergencies
Psychosocial Growth and Development
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
Selected Specific Crisis Situations: Problems Related to Abuse/Violence
Sensory Disturbance
Sexual-Health Counseling
Sleep Disturbance
Somatization Disorder - Somatoform Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Specific Situations - Sexual-Health Counseling
Substance-Related Disorders
The Therapeutic Nursing Process
Table(s)
10-1. Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development
10-10. Emotional Disturbances in Children
10-11. Comparison: Anorexia and Bulimia
10-12. Comparison of the Two Different Types of Depressive Disorders
10-13. Behaviors Associated with Mania and Depression
10-14. Estimation of Time at Which Soft Tissue Injury Occurred
10-15. Curative Factors of Group Therapy
10-16. Differences Between Reality Orientation and Resocialization
10-2. Erikson's Stages of the Life Cycle
10-3. Summary of Theories of Psychosocial Development Throughout the Life Cycle
10-4. Piaget's Age-Specific Development Levels
10-5. Four Phases of Body Image Crisis
10-6. Body Image Development and Disturbance Throughout the Life Cycle: Assessment
10-7. Sexual Behavior Throughout the Life Cycle
10-8. Analysis/Nursing Diagnosis: Altered Feeling States Related to Grief
10-9. Individual Assessment
Treatment Modes
Activity Therapy
Behavior Modification
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Family Therapy
Glossary
Group Therapy
Milieu Therapy
Questions
Reality Orientation and Resocialization
Treatment Modes
11. Reduction of Risk Potential
11. Reduction of Risk Potential
Common Diagnostic Procedures
Diagnostic Tests to Evaluate Fetal Well-Being
Figure(s)
11-1. Common Client Positions
11-2. Chest Drainage System
Hands-on Nursing Care
Basic Prosthetic Care
Bladder Training
Bowel Training
Colostomy Care
Commonly Used Tubes
Hands-on Nursing Care
Positioning the Client
Questions
Newborn Screening Procedures
Oxygen Therapy
Table(s)
11-1. Diagnostic Tests to Evaluate Fetal Well-Being
11-10. Caring for a Hearing Aid
11-11. Bladder Training
11-12. Bowel Training
11-2. Newborn Screening Procedures
11-3. Summary: Oxygen Delivery Equipment
11-4. Positioning the Client for Specific Surgical Conditions
11-5. Review of the Use of Common Tubes
11-6. Emptying Colostomy Appliance
11-7. Changing Colostomy Appliance
11-8. Care of Dentures
11-9. Caring for an Artificial Eye
12. Final Tests 1 and 2
12. Final Tests 1 and 2
Final Test 1
Final Test 1
Questions
Final Test 2
Final Test 2
Questions
Introduction
Introduction - Final Tests 1 and 2
Selection of Content and Distribution of the Questions
Suggestions for Further Study
Test Results
Timing
What is Final Test 1?
What is Final Test 2?
Appendices
A. Laboratory Values
Appendices
B. Memory Aids
C. Common Acronyms and Abbreviations
D. Quick Guide to Common Clinical Signs
E. Complementary and Alternative Therapies
F. Index: Content Related to NCLEX-RN[®] Test Plan
G. Index: Questions Related to Client Needs/Subneeds
H. Reduction of Risk Potential: Index to Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Front Matter
A Timetable to Use in Preparing for the NCLEX-RN[®]
About the Editor/Authors
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Dedications
Preface
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