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Psychosocial Nursing for General Patient Care
Factors that Contribute to Misdiagnosis in Dementia and Delirium
Table of Contents
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About
Calculator - Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-AR) - (Calculator)
Contributors
Family Violence
Managing Side Effects of Antipsychotic Agents
Other Psychosocial Skills
Preface
Psychopharmacology: Database for Patient and Family Education on Psychiatric Medications
Reviewers
The Anxious Patient
The Confused Patient
The Dying Patient
The Grieving Patient
The Patient Abusing Alcohol
The Patient in Pain
I. Aspects of Psychosocial Nursing
1. Introduction to Psychosocial Nursing for General Patient Care
B - 1-1. Interventions by Psychiatric Home Care Nurses
Charting Tips
Collaborative Management
Community-Based Care
DSM-IV-TR
Introduction to Psychosocial Nursing for General Patient Care
Life Span Issues
Nurses' Possible Reactions
Overview of the Resource
Patient Education
Patient Privacy and Right to Confidentiality
Patient Safety
The Role of Psychosocial Nursing in Managed-Care Settings
When and Who to Call for Help
2. Psychosocial Response to Illness
Altered Body Image - Key Issues in Response to Illness
Altered Self-Esteem - Key Issues in Response to Illness
Anxiety - Key Issues in Response to Illness
Conclusion
Coping Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
F - 2-1. Maslowâs Hierarchy of Needs
Guilt - Key Issues in Response to Illness
Hopelessness - Key Issues in Response to Illness
Key Issues in Response to Illness
Loss - Key Issues in Response to Illness
Powerlessness - Key Issues in Response to Illness
Psychosocial Response to Illness
T - 2-1. Common Defense Mechanisms
3. Psychosocial Skills
Assessing Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies
B - 3-1. Creating an Appropriate Interview Environment
B - 3-2. Relaxation Techniques
B - 3-3. Complementary and Alternative Approaches
F - 3-1. Mental Status Examination Answer Sheet
Other Psychosocial Skills
Psychosocial Nursing Assessment
Psychosocial Skills
T - 3-1. Mental Status Examination and Related Definitions
T - 3-2. Mental Status Changes Caused by Electrolyte Imbalance
T - 3-3. Therapeutic Communication Techniques
T - 3-4. Barriers to Therapeutic Communication
The Mental Status Examination
Therapeutic Communication
4. Nurses' Responses to Difficult Patient Behaviors
B - 4-1. Identifying Countertransference
Countertransference - Nursing Issues
Covert Communication - Patient Issues
Identification - Nursing Issues
Identifying Psychosocial Resource Personnel
Judgmental Attitude - Nursing Issues
Labeling - Nursing Issues
Losing Credibility - Nursing Issues
Mental Health Consultation
Nurse-Patient Interactions
Nurses' Responses to Difficult Patient Behaviors
Nursing Issues
Patient Issues
Rescue Feelings - Nursing Issues
Role Expectations
Strategies for Survival
T - 4-1. The Nursing Process with Difficult Patient Behaviors
T - 4-2. Staff Responses to Difficult-to-Care-for Patients
Transference - Patient Issues
5. Crisis Intervention
Assessment
Crisis Intervention
Interventions
Nurses' Reactions to Patient Crisis
T - 5-1. Types of Crises
6. Cultural Considerations: Implications for Psychosocial Nursing Care
B - 6-1. Cultural AssessmentâQuestions to Ask
B - 6-2. Enhancing Cultural Sensitivity
Communicating Through an Interpreter
Cultural and Ethnic Influence on Communication
Cultural Assessment
Cultural Considerations: Implications for Psychosocial Nursing Care
Cultural Influence on Mental Health Beliefs
Culturally Competent Nursing Care
Guidelines for Working Without an Interpreter
II. Commonly Encountered Problems
10. Problems with Confusion
B - 10-1. Factors that Contribute to Misdiagnosis in Dementia and Delirium
B - 10-2. Characteristics of Delirium and Dementia
B - 10-3. Causes of Increased Risk of Falls and Injury
F - 10-1. Self-care Checklist
Problems with Confusion
T - 10-1. Types of Delirium
The Confused Patient
11. Problems with Psychotic Thought Processes
B - 11-1. Recognizing Hallucinations
B - 11-2. Common Delusions
B - 11-3. Types of Schizophrenia
B - 11-4. Drugs Associated with Psychotic Reactions
Problems with Psychotic Thought Processes
The Psychotic Patient
12. Problems Relating to Others
B - 12-1. Warning Signs of Staff Splitting
B - 12-2. Adult Learning Principles
B - 12-3. Factors that Influence Medication Compliance
B - 12-4. Teaching Patients About Health Internet Sites
Problems Relating to Others
The Demanding, Dependent Patient
The Manipulative Patient
The Noncompliant Patient
13. Problems with Substance Abuse
B - 13-1. Cage Questionnaire
B - 13-2. Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-AR)
B - 13-3. DSM-IV Criteria for Diagnosis of Alcohol-Related Syndrome
Problems with Substance Abuse
T - 13-1. Common Coping Styles of Alcoholics
T - 13-2. Comparing Commonly Abused Substances
The Patient Abusing Alcohol
The Patient Abusing Other Substances
14. Problems with Sexual Dysfunction
B - 14-1. Guidelines for an Interview with a Patient Having a Sexual Problem
Problems with Sexual Dysfunction
T - 14-1. Drug Categories that Alter Sexual Behavior
The Patient with Sexual Dysfunction
15. Problems with Pain
B - 15-1. Factors Influencing Pain Tolerance
F - 15-1. Initial Pain Assessment Tool
F - 15-2. Pain Rating Scales
Problems with Pain
T - 15-1. Analgesic Routes of Administration
T - 15-2. Opioid Analgesics Commonly Used for Severe Pain
The Patient in Pain
16. Problems with Nutrition
Problems with Nutrition
T - 16-1. Comparing Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
The Morbidly Obese Patient
The Patient with Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia
17. Problems Within the Family
B - 17-1. General Warning Signs of Abuse
Family Dysfunction
Family Violence
Problems Within the Family
T - 17-1. Characteristics of Victims
T - 17-2. Interviewing an Abuser or Abuse Victim
18. Problems with Spiritual Distress
B - 18-1. Nursing Activities to Promote Spiritual Caregiving
B - 18-2. Assessing for Spiritual Beliefs
B - 18-3. Guidelines for Use of Prayer and Religious Literature
Problems with Spiritual Distress
The Patient with Spiritual Distress
7. Problems with Anxiety
Problems with Anxiety
T - 7-1. Characteristics of Anxiety Levels
The Anxious Patient
8. Problems with Anger
B - 8-1. Positive and Negative Functions of Anger
B - 8-2. Encouraging an Uncooperative Patient to Take Medication
B - 8-3. Setting Limits
B - 8-4. Preventing Workplace Violence
Problems with Anger
T - 8-1. Comparing Behavioral Responses to Anger
T - 8-2. Summary of Staff Interventions to Avoid Escalation to Aggression
The Aggressive and Potentially Violent Patient
The Angry Patient
9. Problems with Affect and Mood
B - 9-1. Medical Conditions Associated with Depression
B - 9-2. Drugs that Cause Depression
B - 9-3. Commonly used Depression Assessment Scales
B - 9-4. Clearing up the Myths About Suicide
B - 9-5. Risk and Protective Factors
B - 9-6. Assessing Current Suicide Lethality
B - 9-7. Assessing the Suicide Attempt
B - 9-8. Information for Survivors of Suicide
B - 9-9. Drugs and Physical Illnesses that can Cause Manic States
Problems with Affect and Mood
T - 9-1. Suicide: Intensity of Risk
T - 9-2. Adapting to Loss
T - 9-3. Childrenâs Understanding of Death
T - 9-4. Differentiating Grief From Depression
The Depressed Patient
The Grieving Patient
The Hyperactive or Manic Patient
The Suicidal Patient
III. Special Topics
19. Nursing Management of Special Populations
B - 19-1. Classifying Sleep Disorders
B - 19-2. Sleep Hygiene
Nursing Management of Special Populations
T - 19-1. Phases of Trajectory of Chronic Illness
T - 19-2. Comparison of Palliative Care and Hospice
The Chronically Ill Patient
The Dying Patient
The Homeless Patient with Chronic Illness
The Patient with Sleep Disturbances
20. Disaster Planning and Response—Psychosocial Impact
B - 20-1. Normal Reactions to a Disaster
B - 20-2. Signs of Stress after a Disaster
B - 20-3. Communicating with Disaster Victims
B - 20-4. Ways to Help Manage Responder Stress in a Disaster
Disaster Planning and ResponseâPsychosocial Impact
The Disaster Victim/Patient-The Disaster Responder/Nurse
21. Psychopharmacology: Database for Patient and Family Education on Psychiatric Medications
Antidepressants - Medications for Mood Symptoms
Atypical Agents - Medications for Psychotic Symptoms
B - 21-1. Most Common Antianxiety Medications
B - 21-10. Use of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Process for Medication Management
B - 21-11. Sound/Look Alike Medications
B - 21-2. Target Symptoms of Depression
B - 21-3. Antidepressants
B - 21-4. Mood Stabilizers and Anticonvulsants
B - 21-5. Possible Side Effects and Toxic Effects of Lithium
B - 21-6. Antipsychotic Medications
B - 21-7. Seven Categories of Positive Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia
B - 21-8. Seven Categories of Negative Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia
B - 21-9. Factors that Contribute to Nonadherence to Pharmacological Treatment
Basic Concepts
Charting Tips
Collaborative Management for Advocacy for Patients Taking Psychiatric Medications
Common Side Effects of Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics - Medications for Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
Community-Based Care
Efficacy in Treating Symptoms - Medications for Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
General Considerations for Vulnerable Populations
Hypotheses on Mechanisms of Action - Medications for Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
Managing Side Effects of Antipsychotic Agents
Medications for Mood Symptoms
Medications for Psychotic Symptoms
Medications for Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
Mood Stabilizers - Medications for Mood Symptoms
Other Uses - Medications for Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
Patient and Family Education
Patient and Family Education - Medications for Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
Psychopharmacology: Database for Patient and Family Education on Psychiatric Medications
Related Clinical Concerns - Medications for Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
T - 21-1. Summary of Safety Issues on Psychiatric Medications
T - 21-10. Medications for Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)
T - 21-2. Common Symptoms of Anxiety
T - 21-3. Comparing Side Effects of SSRIs and TCAs/MAOIs
T - 21-4. Managing Anticholinergic and Other Common Side Effects of Antidepressants
T - 21-5. Foods to Avoid When Using MAOIs
T - 21-6. Potency of Typical Antipsychotics and Side Effects
T - 21-7. Signs of Extrapyramidal Side Effects
T - 21-8. Minimizing Side Effects From the Typical and Atypical Agents
T - 21-9. Monitoring Granulocyte Counts During Clozapine Therapy
Typical Agents - Medications for Psychotic Symptoms
References
References
Front Matter
Contributors
Preface
Reviewers
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