Skyscape Web Viewer : TNM Cancer Staging System : Main Index

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T4b is defined as very advanced disease; tumor of any size with extension toward the spine or into nearby large blood vessels, invading the prevertebral fascia, or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels
T4b melanoma
T4b tumor the hypopharynx that is very advanced local disease, with invasion of the prevertebral fascia, encases carotid artery, or involves mediastinal structures
T4 is defined as a primary tumor invading fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone
T4 is defined as tumor of any size that invades adjacent organs (kidney, diaphragm, pancreas, spleen, or liver) or large blood vessels (renal vein or vena cava)
T4 is defined as tumor that invades other adjacent organs (invasion of the bladder is illustrated)
T4 is tumor invading mucosa of bladder or rectum, and/or extends beyond true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4)
T4 tumor with prostatic invasion
T3 for the supraglottis is defined as tumor limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invading any of the following: postcricoid area, preepiglottic tissues, paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of thyroid cartilage (shown here with invasion of the supraglottis and vocal cord with vocal cord fixation)
T3 includes separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary
T3 is defined as mucosal disease
T3 is defined as tumor larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension
T3 is defined as tumor that invades the subserosa, shown here invading the lesser omentum without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum)
T3 is described as tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/promixal two-thirds of urethra, upper/proximal two-thirds of vagina, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone
T3 is tumor extending to the pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of the vagina and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney
T3 tumor of the hypopharynx with fixation of the hemilarynx and invasion of the pyriform sinus, aryepiglottic fold, and posterior wall
T3 tumors of the glottis are limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation (shown), and/or invade paraglottic space and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartilage
T3 tumors of the subglottis are limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation
T4: Invasion into ipsilateral adrenal gland
T4a for the supraglottis is defined as moderately advanced local disease, tumor invading through the thyroid cartilage and/or invading tissues beyond the larynx (e
T4a is defined as gross extrathyroidal extension invading subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve from a tumor of any size
T4a is defined as moderately advanced disease; tumor of any size with gross extrathyroidal extension into the nearby tissues of the neck, including subcutaneous soft tissue, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve
T4a is defined as tumor that penetrates the serosa (visceral peritoneum) without invasion of adjacent structures
T4a melanoma
T4a tumor of the oropharynx is described as moderately advanced local disease, a tumor that invades the larynx, extrinsic muscle or tongue, medial pterygoid, hard palate, or mandible
T4a tumors of the subglottis are moderately advanced local disease, and invade cricoid or thyroid cartilage and/or invade tissues beyond the larynx (e
T4b is defined as very advanced disease, with tumor involving the brain as illustrated, or also involving dura, lower cranial nerves (IX, X, XI, XII), masticator space, carotid artery, prevertebral space, or mediastinal structures
T4b is defined as very advanced local disease, tumor involves masticator space, pterygoid plates (as shown), or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery
T4b tumor of the oropharynx is a tumor described as very advanced local disease, a tumor that invades lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx, or skull base or encases carotid artery
T4 for leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma is tumor invades bladder or rectum

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