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Classic Turner Syndrome (45,XO Gonadal Dysgenesis)
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Flowchart - Classification of Chronic Fatigue Patients
Flowchart - Proposed Algorithm for Evaluating Women with Symptoms of Acute Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Hirsutism & Virilization
Hyperparathyroidism
Table - Advisory Committee on Adult Immunization Practices Vaccine Recommendations, 2022
Table - Feminizing Hormone Therapy
Year in Review
Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections Year in Review
Blood Disorders Year in Review
Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders Year in Review
Breast Disorders Year in Review
Cancer Year in Review
Common Symptoms Year in Review
Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Disease, & Other Key Topics in Cardiology Year in Review
Dermatologic Disorders Year in Review
Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia Year in Review
Disease Prevention & Health Promotion Year in Review
Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy Year in Review
Disorders of the Eyes & Lids Year in Review
Endocrine Disorders Year in Review
Gastrointestinal Disorders Year in Review
Geriatric Disorders Year in Review
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy Year in Review
HIV Infection & AIDS Year in Review
Lipid Disorders Year in Review
Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders Year in Review
Mycotic Infections Year in Review
Nervous System Disorders Year in Review
Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders & Obesity Year in Review
Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders Year in Review
Otolaryngology Disorders Year in Review
Palliative Care & Pain Management Year in Review
Poisoning Year in Review
Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management Year in Review
Psychiatric Disorders Year in Review
Pulmonary Disorders Year in Review
Rheumatologic, Immunologic, & Allergic Disorders Year in Review
Sexual & Gender Minority Health Year in Review
Systemic Hypertension Year in Review
Urologic Disorders Year in Review
Viral & Rickettsial Infections Year in Review
Part 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
1-01. General Approach to the Patient
1-02. Health Maintenance & Disease Prevention
1-03. Prevention of Infectious Diseases
1-04. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
1-04. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
1-05. Prevention of Osteoporosis
1-06. Prevention of Physical Inactivity
1-07. Prevention of Overweight & Obesity
1-08. Cancer Prevention
1-09. Prevention of Injuries & Violence
T - 1-4. Expert Recommendations for Cardiovascular Risk Prevention Methods: USPSTF
T - 1-5. Inquiries to Help in Support of Smoking Cessation
T - 1-6. Medications for Tobacco Dependence and Smoking Cessation
1-10. Prevention of Substance Use Disorders: Alcohol & Illicit Drugs
Part 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
Part 2. Common Symptoms
Part 3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
3-01. Overview: Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
3-02. Physiologic Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery
3-03. Evaluation of the Asymptomatic Patient
3-04. Cardiac Risk Assessment & Reduction in Noncardiac Surgery
3-05. Pulmonary Evaluation in Non-Lung Resection Surgery
3-07. Preoperative Hematologic Evaluation
3-07. Preoperative Hematologic Evaluation
3-08. Neurologic Evaluation
3-09. Nonpharmacologic Management of Perioperative & Postoperative Pain & Anxiety
3-10. Management of Endocrine Diseases
T - 3-5. Recommendations for Perioperative Management of DOACs
T - 3-6. Recommendations for Management of Perioperative Anticoagulation with Warfarin
3-11. Kidney Disease
Part 3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
Part 4. Geriatric Disorders
4-01. Overview: Geriatric Disorders
4-02. General Principles of Geriatric Care
4-03. Comprehensive Assessment of the Older Adult
4-04. Management of Common Geriatric Problems
1. Dementia
10. Vision Impairment
11. Hearing Impairment
12. Elder Mistreatment & Self-Neglect
2. Depression
3. Delirium
4. Immobility
4-04. Management of Common Geriatric Problems
5. Falls & Gait Disorders
6. Urinary Incontinence
7. Involuntary Weight Loss
8. Pressure Injury
9. Pharmacotherapy & Polypharmacy
T - 4-1. Evaluation of Gait Abnormalities
T - 4-2. Fall Risk Factors, Targeted Interventions, and Best Evidence for Fall Prevention
T - 4-3. Pressure Injury Dressings and other Measures
T - 4-4. Phrases and Actions that May be Helpful in Situations of Suspected Abuse or Neglect
Part 4. Geriatric Disorders
Part 5. Palliative Care & Pain Management
5-01. Definition & Scope
5-02. Palliation of Common Nonpain Symptoms
5-03. Dyspnea
5-04. Nausea & Vomiting
5-05. Constipation
5-06. Fatigue
5-07. Delirium & Agitation
5-08. Depression & Anxiety
5-09. Communication
5-09. Communication
5-10. Caring for Patients at the End of Life
5-11. Tasks After Death
5-12. Taxonomy of Pain
5-13. Acute Pain
5-14. Chronic Noncancer Pain
5-15. Cancer Pain
5-16. Pain at the End of Life
T - 5-1. Suggestions for the Delivery of Serious News
T - 5-2. An Existential Review of Systems
5-17. Principles of Pain Management
5-18. Pharmacologic Pain Management Strategies
5-18. Pharmacologic Pain Management Strategies
5-19. Psychological, Physical, & Integrative Therapies
T - 5-10. Dsm-5 Criteria for Diagnosis of Opioid Use Disorder (Oud)
T - 5-4. Acetaminophen, Aspirin, and Useful Nsaids and COX Inhibitors
T - 5-5. 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain
T - 5-6. Opioids
T - 5-7. Morphine Milligram Equivalent (Mme) Doses for Commonly Prescribed Opioids
T - 5-8. Pharmacologic Management of Neuropathic Pain
T - 5-9. Peg Score to Gauge Benefit from Long-Term Opioid Use
T - e5-2. Actions of Opioid Receptors
T - e5-3. Opioid-Agonist Subreceptor Types
T - e5-4. opioid Review of Systems for Clinically Important Side Effects Associated with Oral Opioid Consumption or Opioid Withdrawal
5-20. Selected Interventional Modalities for Pain Relief
5-20. Selected Interventional Modalities for Pain Relief
5-21. Intrathecal Drug Delivery System
5-22. Spinal Stimulation
5-23. Celiac Plexus Block & Neurolysis
5-24. Epidural Corticosteroid Injection
T - 5-11. Interventional Techniques for Chronic Pain by Anatomic Location
T - 5-12. Agents Used in Neuromodulatory Therapies
Part 5. Palliative Care & Pain Management
Part 6. Dermatologic Disorders
6-01. Overview: Dermatologic Disorders
6-02. Principles of Dermatologic Therapy
6-03. Melanocytic Nevi (Normal Moles)
6-04. Atypical Nevi
6-05. Blue Nevi
6-06. Freckles & Lentigines
6-07. Seborrheic Keratoses
6-08. Malignant Melanoma
6-09. Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
6-11. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
6-12. Basal Cell Carcinoma
6-12. Basal Cell Carcinoma
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-7. Pearly Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma-Figure on the Face of a 52-Year-Old Woman Present for 5 Years
F - e6-10. A: Ulcer on the Nasal Tip is the Most Obvious Warning Sign for this Infiltrative Bcc
F - e6-11. Basal Cell Carcinoma-Figure on the Forehead with Irregular Distribution of the Telangiectasias and Lack of Typical Doughnut Shape
F - e6-12. Basal Cell Carcinoma-Figure of the Scapula
F - e6-13. Basal Cell Carcinoma-Figure Located on the Inferomedial Eyelid
F - e6-14. Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma-Figure
F - e6-15. Stretching of the Skin Prior to Biopsy
F - e6-16. Typical Ellipsoid Defect after Removal of the Biopsy Specimen
6-13. Kaposi Sarcoma
6-14. Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides)
6-15. Bowen Disease & Paget Disease
6-16. Fungal Infections of the Skin
6-17. Tinea Corporis or Tinea Circinata
6-17. Tinea Corporis or Tinea Circinata
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e6-22. A: Tinea Corporis Covering the Buttocks and not Showing Areas of Central Clearing
F - e6-23. Tinea Corporis
F - e6-24. Tinea Corporis: Scaly, Ring-Shaped Lesions with Distinct Borders and Central Clearing
F - e6-25. Annular Psoriasis-Figure Can Mimic Tinea Corporis
6-18. Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)
6-18. Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e6-26. Tinea Cruris
F - e6-27. Extensive Candidiasis Originating in the Groin in an Infant
F - e6-28. Inverse Psoriasis-Figure in the Groin is Distinguished from Candida Infections by History and KOH Staining
F - e6-29. Erythrasma Presenting in the Axillary Fold
F - e6-30. A Diagnostic Feature of Erythrasma is the Coral-Red Fluorescence Observed Here in Focal Distribution Under a Wood Light
6-19. Tinea Manuum & Tinea Pedis (Tinea of Palms & Soles)
6-19. Tinea Manuum & Tinea Pedis (Tinea of Palms & Soles)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-10. Tinea Pedis in the Interdigital Space Between Fourth and Fifth Digits
F - 6-9. Tinea Pedis in the Moccasin Distribution
F - e6-31. Allergic Contact Dermatitis due to Nickel
F - e6-32. Pompholyx: Classic Tapioca Vesicles May be Intensely Pruritic Leading to Scaling and Fissuring in Advanced Cases
F - e6-33. Typical Site for Excoriated, Vesiculopustular Lesions due to Scabies-Figure
6-20. Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor)
6-20. Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e6-34. Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor: Multiple, Small- to Medium-Sized, Well-Demarcated Hypopigmented Macules on the Back of a Tanned Individual with White Skin
F - e6-35. Extensive Hypopigmented Lesions of Tinea Versicolor in a Black Patient
F - e6-36. Tinea Versicolor Diagnosed by KOH Preparation
F - e6-37. A: Vitiligo on the Hands of a Hispanic Man
6-21. Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
6-22. Intertrigo
6-23. Herpes Simplex (Cold or Fever Sore; Genital Herpes)
6-23. Herpes Simplex (Cold or Fever Sore; Genital Herpes)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-12. Orolabial Herpes Simplex Showing Deroofed Blisters (Ulcer)
F - e6-40. Herpes Simplex
F - e6-41. Close-Up of Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Showing Vesicles at the Vermilion Border
F - e6-42. Primary Herpetic Stomatitis with Clusters of Punched-Out Geometric Erosions on the Tongue and Pharynx
F - e6-43. Herpetic Whitlow of Finger
6-24. Molluscum Contagiosum
6-25. Warts
6-26. Impetigo
6-26. Impetigo
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-15. Typical Honey-Crusted Plaque on the Lip of an Adult with Impetigo
F - e6-47. Ecthyma, Shown Here, Represents a Deeper Form of Impetigo Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus or Streptococci
F - e6-48. A Linear Pattern of Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Poison Ivy
6-27. Folliculitis (Including Sycosis)
6-27. Folliculitis (Including Sycosis)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-16. Bacterial Folliculitis
F - e6-49. Hot Tub Folliculitis
F - e6-50. A: Inflammatory Acne Showing Pustules and Nodules in a 17-Year-Old Boy who Uses a Helmet While Playing Football in High School
F - e6-51. An Example of Miliaria Crystalline Denoted by Vesicular Eruption over the Trunk of this Patient
6-28. Furunculosis (Boils) & Carbuncles
6-28. Furunculosis (Boils) & Carbuncles
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e6-52. Inflamed Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
F - e6-53. Cystic Acne Associated with Scarring
F - e6-54. Hidradenitis Suppurativa of Buttocks
F - e6-55. Preparation for Incision and Drainage of an Abscess
F - e6-56. Appearance of Abscess after Incision, Drainage, and Packing
6-29. Cellulitis
6-30. Erysipelas
6-31. Erythema Migrans
6-32. Scabies
6-33. Pediculosis
6-34. Skin Lesions Due to Other Arthropods
6-35. Erythema Nodosum
6-36. Atopic Dermatitis
6-37. Lichen Simplex Chronicus (Circumscribed Neurodermatitis)
6-37. Lichen Simplex Chronicus (Circumscribed Neurodermatitis)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-21. Lichen Simplex Chronicus on the Hand
F - 6-22. Extensive Plaque Psoriasis-Figure Involving Trunk of Person with Dark Skin Type
F - e6-66. Lichen Simplex Chronicus
F - e6-67. Lichen Simplex Chronicus Resulting from Repeated Itch-Scratch Cycles
F - e6-68. Nummular Dermatitis
6-38. Psoriasis
6-38. Psoriasis
F - 6-23. Nail Pitting due to Psoriasis-Figure in a Patient with Dark Skin
F - e6-69. Koebner Phenomenon on Skin of the Hands
F - e6-70. Scalescalp Psoriasis-Figure
F - e6-71. Plaquepsoriatic Plaque
F - e6-72. Plaque Psoriasis-Figure Involving Arm of Patient with Darker Skin
F - e6-73. Psoriasis-Figure Involving Palms of Patient with Darker Skin
F - e6-74. Nails from a Patient with Psoriasis-Figure Demonstrating Pitting and Onycholysis
F - e6-75. Onychomycosis Involving Digits 1, 2, and 5
6-39. Pityriasis Rosea
6-39. Pityriasis Rosea
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-24. Pityriasis Rosea-Figure with Scaling Lesions Following Skin Lines and Resembling a Christmas Tree
F - e6-76. Pityriasis Rosea-Figure
F - e6-77. Classic Lesions of Secondary Syphilis Include Red-Brown, Copper, or Ham-Colored Macules or Papulosquamous Lesions on the Soles of the Feet
F - e6-78. Maculopapular Skin Eruption of Secondary Syphilis
6-40. Seborrheic Dermatitis
6-41. Lichen Planus
6-42. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
6-42. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e6-82. Malar and Facial Erythema and Scale in a 22-Year-Old Woman with a Flare of Acute Cutaneous Lupus
F - e6-83. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus of the Arm
F - e6-84. Discoid Lupus of the Face and Ear in a Darkly Pigmented Patient
F - e6-85. Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Erythematous Nonscarring Red Plaques on the Back
6-43. Contact Dermatitis
6-44. Pompholyx
6-45. Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
6-46. Dermatitis Herpetiformis
6-47. Pemphigus
6-49. Acne Vulgaris
6-49. Acne Vulgaris
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-31. Acne Vulgaris-Figure
F - e6-93. Comedonal and Inflammatory, Papulopustular Acne in an Asian Patient
F - e6-94. Acne Vulgaris-Figure, Severe Papulopustular and Nodular Cystic Form with Scarring
F - e6-95. Cystic Acne
F - e6-96. Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation and Resolving Acne in a Black Patient
F - e6-97. Prominent Rhinophyma in a Patient with Rosacea-Figure Results from Hyperplasia of Soft Tissues and Glands of the Nose
6-50. Rosacea
6-50. Rosacea
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-32. Rosacea-Figure in a 34-Year-Old Woman Showing Erythema, Papules, and Pustules Covering Much of the Face
F - e6-100. Acne Rosacea-Figure: Close-Up of Papules
F - e6-98. This Eruption Resembling Rosacea-Figure Occurred Following Topical Use of a Steroid Cream
F - e6-99. Telangiectasiasrosacea
6-51. Hidradenitis Suppurativa
6-52. Miliaria (Heat Rash)
6-53. Urticaria & Angioedema
6-54. Erythema Multiforme/Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
6-54. Erythema Multiforme/Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 6-34. Erythema Multiforme with Classic Target Lesions
F - 6-35. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
F - e6-102. A: Erythema Multiforme on the Palm with Target Lesions that Have a Dusky Red and White Center
F - e6-103. Patient with Erythema Multiforme Major Demonstrating Oral Lesions on Lips, Buccal Mucosa, and Tongue
6-55. Exfoliative Dermatitis (Exfoliative Erythroderma)
6-56. Photodermatitis
6-57. Drug Eruption (Dermatitis Medicamentosa)
6-59. Anogenital Pruritus
6-60. Venous Stasis Ulcers
6-61. Pigmentary Disorders
6-62. Alopecia
6-63. Nail Disorders
1. Morphologic Nail Abnormalities
2. Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis)
F - 6-40. Acute Paronychia with Incision and Drainage
F - 6-41. Clubbing of the Finger in a 31-Year-Old Man with Congenital Heart Disease
F - e6-111. Beau Lines
F - e6-112. Clubbing of All the Fingers in a 31-Year-Old Man with Congenital Heart Disease
Part 6. Dermatologic Disorders
Part 7. Disorders of the Eyes & Lids
7-01. Symptoms of Ocular Disease
1. Redness
2. Ocular Discomfort
3. eyestrain & Headache
4. Conjunctival Discharge
5. Visual Loss
6. Visual Impairment & Blindness
7. Diplopia
8. spots Before the Eyes & flashing Lights
F - e7-1. Spontaneous Subconjunctival Hemorrhage While Receiving Warfarin
F - e7-2. Visual Field Defects due to Various Lesions of the Optic Pathways
7-02. Ocular Examination
1. Visual Acuity (Va)
2. Visual Fields
3. Pupils
4. Extraocular Movements
5. Proptosis (Exophthalmos)
6. Ptosis
7. Anterior Segment Examination
7-02. Ocular Examination
7-03. Ophthalmologic Referrals
7-04. Refractive Errors
8. Direct Ophthalmoscopy
F - e7-3. Anatomic Basis of the Pupillary Light Reflex
F - e7-4. Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
F - e7-5. Arrow Shows Corneal Epithelial Defect before (Top) and after (Bottom) Instillation of Fluorescein
F - e7-6. Ultra-Widefield (Optomap) Image of Normal Fundus of Left Eye Showing the Optic Disk (Black Arrow), Central Retina (Macula and Fovea) (White Arrow) and Peripheral Retina
7-05. Disorders of the Lids & Lacrimal Apparatus
1. Hordeolum
2. Chalazion
3. Blepharitis
4. Entropion & Ectropion
5. Tumors
6. Dacryocystitis
F - e7-10. Blepharitis-Figure Showing Erythema of the Eyelids and Flaking in the Eyelashes
F - e7-11. Entropion
F - e7-12. Involutional Ectropion of Right Lower Eyelid
F - e7-13. Lower Lid Basal Cell Carcinoma-Figure
F - e7-14. Acute Dacryocystitis
F - e7-7. A: External Hordeolum (Black Arrow) and an Internal Hordeolum (White Arrow)
F - e7-8. A: Chalazion Viewed from Internal Eyelid Showing the Yellow Lipogranulomatous Material
F - e7-9. Blepharitis-Figure
7-06. Conjunctivitis
1. Viral Conjunctivitis
2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis
3. Dry Eyes
4. Allergic Eye Disease
7-06. Conjunctivitis
F - e7-15. Gonococcal Conjunctivitis with Profuse Purulent Exudate
F - e7-16. Gonococcal Keratoconjunctivitis
F - e7-17. Superior Tarsal Conjunctival Scarring due to Trachoma
F - e7-18. Advanced Trachoma with Upper Lid Trichiasis and Corneal Scarring
F - e7-19. Lissamine Green Staining of the Bulbar Conjunctiva in Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
F - e7-20. Vernal Conjunctivitis with cobblestone Papillae in Superior Tarsal Conjunctiva
F - e7-21. Conjunctival Scarring in Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis
T - 7-1. The Inflamed Eye: Differential Diagnosis of Common Causes
T - 7-2. Topical Ophthalmic Agents (Selected List)
7-07. Pinguecula & Pterygium
7-09. Infectious Keratitis
1. Bacterial Keratitis
2. Herpes Simplex Keratitis
3. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
4. Fungal Keratitis
5. Amoebic Keratitis
F - e7-23. Central Corneal Ulcer and Hypopyon due to Pseudomonas Keratitis
F - e7-24. Primary Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
F - e7-25. Dendritic Figure(S) of Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis Highlighted by Fluorescein and Cobalt Blue Light
F - e7-26. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus with Involvement of the Tip of the Nose
F - e7-27. Corneal Stromal Abscess due to Fungal Keratitis (Scedosporium Apiospermum)
F - e7-28. Perineural Infiltrates in Acanthamoeba Keratitis
7-10. Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
7-11. Chronic Glaucoma
7-12. Uveitis
7-13. Cataract
7-14. Retinal Detachment
7-14. Retinal Detachment
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 7-1. Inferior Retinal Detachment as Seen on Direct or Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
F - e7-39. Ultra-Widefield (Optomap) Images of Superior Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment of the Right Eye before and after Treatment
F - e7-40. Choroidal Melanoma (Black Outline Arrow) with Serous Retinal Detachment (White Outline Arrow)
F - e7-41. Ultra-Widefield (Optomap) Image of Tractional Retinal Detachment due to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Fibrovascular Tissue Predominantly along the Superior Temporal Vascular Arcade (White Outline Arrow) and Partially Obscuring the Optic Disk (Solid White Arrow)
7-15. Vitreous Hemorrhage
7-16. Age-Related Macular Degeneration
7-16. Age-Related Macular Degeneration
F - e7-43. Macular Drusen Appear as Whitish Subretinal Deposits
F - e7-44. Dry (Atrophic) Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Patchy Focal Atrophy (A) and Extensive Confluent Atrophy (B)
F - e7-45. Ultra-Widefield (Optomap) Images of Atrophic Age-Related Macular Degeneration
F - e7-46. Wet (Neovascular) Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Macular Subretinal Fibrosis and Hemorrhages
7-17. Central & Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions
7-17. Central & Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e7-47. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
F - e7-48. Ultra-Widefield (Optomap) Image of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion with Retinal Hemorrhages Throughout the Retina and a Cotton-Wool Spot (Arrow)
F - e7-49. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion with Intraretinal Hemorrhages and Cotton Wool Spots Limited to the Distribution of the Inferotemporal Branch Retinal Vein
F - e7-50. Fluorescein Angiogram of Superior Temporal Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion of Left Eye Showing Macular Microvascular Changes (Arrow)
7-18. Central & Branch Retinal Artery Occlusions
7-18. Central & Branch Retinal Artery Occlusions
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 7-2. Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion with Cherry-Red Spot (Arrow) Seen at the Fovea Centered in Macular Loss of Retinal Transparency, and Preserved Retinal Perfusion (Arrowheads) Adjacent to the Optic Disk due to Macular Cilioretinal Artery Supply
F - e7-51. Fluorescein Angiogram of Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion of Right Eye Showing Non-Perfused Superior Temporal Branch Retinal Artery (Outline Arrow) and Non-Perfused Retina (Solid Arrow), with Microvascular Changes at the Border of Perfused and Nonperfused Retina
7-19. Transient Monocular Visual Loss
7-20. Retinal Disorders Associated with Systemic Diseases
1. Diabetic Retinopathy
2. Hypertensive Retinochoroidopathy
3. Blood Dyscrasias
4. HIV Infection/AIDS
F - e7-53. Moderate Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Multiple Microaneurysms and Hemorrhages (Red Arrow), Mild Macular Hard Exudates (Yellow Arrow), and Two Cotton-Wool Spots in the Superior Retina (Black Arrows)
F - e7-54. Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Hard Exudates Indicative of Macular Edema Extending into the Central Macula
F - e7-55. Fluorescein Angiogram in Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Shows Microaneurysms (Arrow) and Perifoveal Capillary Loss Indicative of Macular Ischemia
F - e7-56. Ultra-Widefield (Optomap) Images of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
F - e7-57. Optic Disk Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (A) and with Preretinal Hemorrhage (Arrow, B)
F - e7-58. Fluorescein Angiogram of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
F - e7-59. Fluorescein Angiography in Diabetic Retinopathy
F - e7-60. Accelerated Hypertension in a Young Woman Manifesting as Marked Optic Disk Edema, Macular Star of Hard Exudates, Exudative Retinal Detachment, Retinal Hemorrhages, and Cotton-Wool Spots
F - e7-61. Multiple Retinal Cotton Wool Spots in HIV Infection
F - e7-62. Retinal Changes in HIV Infection: Cytomegalovirus Retinitis with Hemorrhages and Retinal Whitening
F - e7-63. Ultra-Widefield (Optomap) Image of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
7-21. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
7-22. Optic Neuritis
7-23. Optic Disk Swelling
7-24. Cranial Nerve Palsies
7-25. Orbital Cellulitis
7-26. Ocular Trauma
1. Conjunctival & Corneal Foreign Bodies
2. Intraocular Foreign Body
3. Corneal Abrasions
4. Contusions
5. Lacerations
7-26. Ocular Trauma
7-27. Uv Keratitis (Actinic Keratitis)
7-28. Chemical Conjunctivitis & Keratitis
7-29. Treatment of Ocular Disorders
7-30. Principles of Treatment of Ocular Infections
F - e7-71. Corneal Rust Stain from Iron Foreign Body (Arrow)
F - e7-72. Technique of Lid Eversion
F - e7-73. Funduscopic View of Metallic Foreign Body on Retina
F - e7-74. Severe Ocular Injury with Total Hyphema
F - e7-75. Small Hyphema
F - e7-76. Large Hyphema
F - e7-77. Corneoscleral Laceration Inferonasally with Pupil Displaced Toward the Laceration and Iris Incarcerated in Wound
F - e7-78. Corneal Laceration with Extrusion of Iris
F - e7-79. Small Peripheral Corneal Laceration with Extrusion of Iris Causing Distortion (Peaking) of the Pupil
F - e7-80. Vortex Keratopathy due to Amiodarone
7-31. Precautions in Management of Ocular Disorders
7-32. Adverse Ocular Effects of Systemic Drugs
Part 7. Disorders of the Eyes & Lids
Part 8. Otolaryngology Disorders
8-01. Hearing Loss
8-03. Diseases of the Ear Canal
8-04. Diseases of the Eustachian Tube
8-05. Diseases of the Middle Ear
1. Acute Otitis Media
2. Chronic Otitis Media
3. Otosclerosis
4. Trauma to the Middle Ear
5. Middle Ear Neoplasia
8-06. Earache
F - 8-2. Acute Otitis Media with Effusion of Right Ear, with Multiple Air-Fluid Levels Visible through a Translucent, Slightly Retracted, Nonerythematous Tympanic Membrane
F - 8-3. Cholesteatoma
F - 8-4. Traumatic Perforation of the Left Tympanic Membrane
8-07. Diseases of the Inner Ear
8-08. Diseases of the Central Auditory & Vestibular Systems
8-10. Infections of the Nose & Paranasal Sinuses
8-11. Allergic Rhinitis
8-12. Olfactory Dysfunction
8-13. Epistaxis
8-15. Tumors & Granulomatous Disease
8-16. Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, Lichen Planus, & Oropharyngeal Cancer
8-17. Oral Candidiasis
8-19. Intraoral Ulcerative Lesions
8-20. Pharyngitis & Tonsillitis
8-21. Peritonsillar Abscess & Cellulitis
8-22. Deep Neck Infections
8-23. Snoring
8-24. Acute Inflammatory Salivary Gland Disorders
8-28. Common Laryngeal Disorders
8-29. Masses of the Larynx
8-35. Congenital Lesions Presenting as Neck Masses in Adults
8-36. Infectious & Inflammatory Neck Masses
Part 8. Otolaryngology Disorders
Part 9. Pulmonary Disorders
9-01. Physical Examination
9-02. Pulmonary Function Tests
9-02. Pulmonary Function Tests
9-03. Disorders of the Airways
9-04. Disorders of the Upper Airways
9-05. Disorders of the Lower Airways
F - e9-1. Representative Spirograms (Upper Panel) and Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves (Lower Panel) for Normal (A), Obstructive (B), and Restrictive (C) Patterns
F - e9-2. Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve, pH 7
9-06. Asthma
9-06. Asthma
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 9-1. Management of Mild or Moderate Asthma Exacerbations in Primary Care
F - 9-2. Management of Asthma Exacerbations in Acute Care Facility (Eg, Emergency Department)
T - 9-1. Assessing Asthma Control
T - 9-2. Step Therapy in Personalized Asthma Management Plan
T - 9-3. Long-Term Controller Medications for Asthma
T - 9-4. Reliever Medications for Asthma
T - 9-5. Estimated Clinically Comparable Daily Dosages for Inhaled Corticosteroids for Adults with Asthma
T - 9-6. Evaluation and Classification of Severity of Asthma Exacerbations
9-07. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
9-07. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e9-3. Emphysematous Bullae of Left Lung
F - e9-4. Bullous Disease
T - 9-7. Patterns of Disease in Advanced COPD
T - 9-8. Home Oxygen Therapy: Requirements for Medicare Coverage
T - e9-1. Factors Affecting the Variability of Theophylline Metabolic Clearance
9-08. Bronchiectasis
9-10. Cystic Fibrosis
9-11. Bronchiolitis
9-12. Pneumonia
1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia
2. Nosocomial Pneumonia (Hospital-Acquired & Ventilator-Associated)
3. Anaerobic Pneumonia & Lung Abscess
9-12. Pneumonia
9-13. Pulmonary Infiltrates in Immunocompromised Patients
F - e9-10. Moraxella Catarrhalis
F - e9-11. Anaerobic Lung Abscess
F - e9-12. Pneumonia with Loculated Empyema
F - e9-7. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
F - e9-8. Haemophilus Influenzae
F - e9-9. Klebsiella Pneumoniae
T - 9-10. Recommended Empiric Antibiotics for Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
T - 9-11. Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant (Mdr) Pathogens, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas and other Gram-Negative Bacilli in Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (Vap)
T - 9-12. Recommended Initial Empiric Antibiotics for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (Vap)
T - 9-9. Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias
9-14. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
9-14. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
9-15. Pulmonary Disease Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
9-16. Screening for Lung Cancer
F - 9-3. Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Figure
F - e9-13. Advanced Bilateral Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Figure
T - 9-13. Essential Laboratory Tests for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
T - 9-14. Classification of Positive Tuberculin Skin Test Reactions
T - 9-15. Characteristics of Antituberculous Medications
9-17. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
9-21. Interstitial Lung Disease (Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease)
9-22. Diffuse Interstitial Pneumonias
9-23. Sarcoidosis
9-25. Eosinophilic Pulmonary Syndromes
9-26. Pulmonary Venous Thromboembolism
9-26. Pulmonary Venous Thromboembolism
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e9-17. A: Pulmonary Embolism (CXR)
F - e9-18. Pulmonary Emboli
F - e9-19. Normal Lung Perfusion
F - e9-20. Normal Lung Ventilation with Xenon-133
F - e9-21. Venography of Deep Venous Thrombosis
T - 9-18. Clinical Prediction Rule for PE
T - 9-19. Pulmonary Embolism Rule-Out Criteria (PERC) for Low-Risk Patients
9-27. Pulmonary Hypertension
9-29. Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
9-32. Pulmonary Aspiration Syndromes
9-33. Occupational Pulmonary Diseases
9-34. Medication-Induced Lung Disease
9-35. Radiation Lung Injury
9-37. Pleural Effusion
9-38. Pneumothorax
9-38. Pneumothorax
9-39. Disorders of Control of Ventilation
9-40. Hyperventilation Syndromes
9-41. Primary Alveolar Hypoventilation
9-42. Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome (Pickwickian Syndrome)
9-43. Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e9-26. Spontaneous Pneumothorax on the Right Side
F - e9-27. Early Tension Pneumothorax
F - e9-28. A: Pneumomediastinum Secondary to Esophageal Perforation (Posteroanterior CXR)
9-44. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
9-45. Acute Respiratory Failure
9-46. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Part 9. Pulmonary Disorders
Part 10. Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Disease, & Other Key Topics in Cardiology
10-01. Common Symptoms
10-01. Common Symptoms
10-02. Functional Classification of Heart Disease
F - e10-1. Pulmonary Edema
F - e10-2. A: Close-Up of CXR Showing Kerley B Lines
F - e10-3. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia-Figure
F - e10-4. Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Degenerating into Ventricular Fibrillation (Rhythm Strips in Sequence)
10-03. Signs of Heart Disease
10-04. Diagnostic Testing
10-06. Cardiac Catheterization & Angiography
10-08. Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
10-09. Coarctation of the Aorta
10-10. Atrial Septal Defect & Patent Foramen Ovale
10-10. Atrial Septal Defect & Patent Foramen Ovale
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e10-17. Atrial Septal Anatomy
F - e10-18. Atrial Septal Defects (Asds) Can be of Four Different Types, in Order of Frequency: (a) Ostium Secundum Defect; (B) Ostium Primum Defect; (C) Sinus Venosus Defect1, Superior2, Inferior; (D) Coronary Sinus Defect
F - e10-19. Schematic Showing Effects of Eisenmenger Syndrome on the Heart
F - e10-20. ECG in Atrial Septal Defect
F - e10-21. Atrial Septal Defect, Secundum Type
F - e10-22. Simultaneous Left and Right Atrial and Differential Pressure Across an Atrial Septal Defect
10-11. Ventricular Septal Defect
10-12. Tetralogy of Fallot
10-13. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
10-14. Valvular Heart Disease
10-14. Valvular Heart Disease
F - e10-26. A: The Ascending Aorta (Yellow Dotted Line) Leading into the Arch is Dilated, Whereas the Distal Arch and Descending Aorta (Red Dotted Line) are Normal in Size
F - e10-27. Calcification of the Aortic Valve, Better Seen in the Lateral View in the Area of the Aortic Root (A, Arrow)
T - 10-2. Differential Diagnosis of Valvular Heart Disease
T - 10-3. Effect of Various Interventions on Systolic Murmurs
10-15. Mitral Stenosis
10-16. Mitral Regurgitation
10-17. Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome
10-18. Aortic Stenosis
10-18. Aortic Stenosis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 10-4. Algorithm for the Timing of Intervention in Aortic Valve Stenosis
F - 10-5. Algorithm for the Type of Valvular Intervention in Aortic Valve Stenosis
F - e10-30. Aortic Stenosis-Figure
F - e10-31. Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of a Stenotic Aortic Valve
T - 10-4. Summary of AHA/ACC Guideline Definitions of Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
10-19. Aortic Regurgitation
10-20. Tricuspid Stenosis
10-21. Tricuspid Regurgitation
10-22. Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation
10-23. Management of Anticoagulation for Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves
10-24. Coronary Heart Disease (Atherosclerotic CAD, Ischemic Heart Disease)
10-25. Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris (Chronic Coronary Syndromes)
10-25. Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris (Chronic Coronary Syndromes)
F - 10-8. Algorithm for Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
F - e10-32. First-Degree Atrioventricular (AV) Block
F - e10-33. A: ECG During Spontaneous Chest Pain Showing ST-Segment Elevation in Leads II, III, and Avf
F - e10-34. ECG at Peak Stress During Treadmill ECG Stress Test
F - e10-35. A 38-Year-Old Man with Chest Pain at Physical Exercise
F - e10-36. Rest and 24-Hour Redistribution Thallium-201 (201tl) Single-Photon Emission CT (Spect) Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (Mpi) of a 75-Year-Old Man with Atypical Angina Showing a Large Amount of Resting Ischemia in the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery (LAD)
T - 10-6. Duke Treadmill Score: Calculation and Interpretation
10-26. Coronary Vasospasm & Angina or Mi with Normal Coronary Arteriograms
10-27. Acute Coronary Syndromes Without ST-Segment Elevation
10-28. Acute Mi with ST-Segment Elevation
10-28. Acute Mi with ST-Segment Elevation
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e10-37. How to Use the High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T (Hs-Ctnt) Assay for the Evaluation of Patients with Possible Acute Mi
F - e10-38. Differential Diagnosis of ST Elevations
F - e10-39. ST-Segment Elevation Mi (STEMI)
F - e10-40. A: A 65-Year-Old Patient with Non-Q Wave Infarction due to Left Main Trunk Subocclusion
F - e10-41. Sinus Bradycardia in a Patient with Somewhat Subtle Infero-Posterior STEMI
F - e10-42. ECG on Admission
F - e10-43. ECG Shows Sinus Rhythm with Three Atrial Premature Beats
F - e10-44. Premature Ventricular Contraction (A), Ventricular Tachycardia (B), Ventricular Fibrillation (C)
F - e10-45. Type I (Mobitz I; Wenckebach) Second-Degree Atrioventricular (AV) Block
F - e10-46. Mobitz Type II Second-Degree AV Block
F - e10-47. An 82-Year-Old Man with Past Medical History of CAD, COPD, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Moderate Aortic Stenosis-Figure, Recent Nstemi (1 Month Back)
F - e10-48. Acute Anterior Wall Mi with Rbbb
F - e10-49. Typical Right Bundle Branch Block (Rbbb) Pattern Associated with Left Posterior Fascicular Block (Lpfb), Septal Infarction (Qr in V1), and Anterior Ischemia
F - e10-50. Anterior Wall Aneurysm
T - 10-8. Fibrinolytic Therapy for Acute Mi
T - e10-2. Hemodynamic Subsets in Acute Mi
10-29. Rheumatic Fever
10-31. Acute Inflammatory Pericarditis
10-32. Pericardial Effusion & Tamponade
10-32. Pericardial Effusion & Tamponade
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e10-53. Pulsus Paradoxus in a Patient with Cardiac Tamponade
F - e10-54. Pericardial Tamponade with Right-Sided Collapse
F - e10-55. Findings at Catheterization in a Patient with Low-Pressure Tamponade (Top) and in a Patient with Classic Tamponade (Bottom)
10-33. Constrictive Pericarditis
10-34. Pulmonary Hypertension & Pulmonary Heart Disease
10-39. Risk of Noncardiac Surgery in the Cardiac Patient
10-40. Heart Disease & Pregnancy
10-40. Heart Disease & Pregnancy
10-41. Cardiovascular Changes During Pregnancy
10-42. Management of Preexisting Conditions During Pregnancy
F - 10-10. Risk Index for Material Cardiac Complications in Pregnancy (Carpreg II)
T - 10-10. Management Strategies for Women with Valve Disease, Complex Congenital Heart Disease, Pulmonary Hypertension, Aortopathy, and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
10-43. Cardiovascular Complications of Pregnancy
10-44. Cardiovascular Screening of Athletes
Part 10. Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Disease, & Other Key Topics in Cardiology
Part 11. Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy
11-01. Heart Failure
11-01. Heart Failure
F - 11-1. Strategic Phenotypic Overview of the Management of Hf with Reduced Ef
F - e11-1. High-Output Hf Secondary to Arteriovenous Fistula
F - e11-2. In Diastolic Dysfunction, the Diastolic Pressure-Volume Relationship is Shifted Upward and to the Left (Dashed Line), Which Leads to an Elevated Lv End-Diastolic Pressure a and Reduced Stroke Volume
F - e11-3. Normal Sinus Rhythm with First-Degree Atrioventricular (AV) Block
T - 11-1. Evidence-Based Doses of Disease-Modifying Medications in Key Randomized Trials in Hfref or after Mi (Medications Listed in Alphabetical Order Within Classes)
T - e11-1. Stages of Hf
11-02. Acute Heart Failure & Pulmonary Edema
11-03. Infectious Myocarditis
11-05. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
11-06. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
11-07. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
11-08. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Part 11. Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy
Part 12. Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm
12-01. Disorders of Rate & Rhythm
12-02. Mechanisms of Arrhythmias
12-03. Techniques for Evaluating Rhythm Disturbances
12-04. Sinus Arrhythmia, Bradycardia, & Tachycardia
12-05. AV Block
12-06. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
12-07. PSVT Due to Accessory AV Pathways (Preexcitation Syndromes)
12-08. Atrial Fibrillation
12-08. Atrial Fibrillation
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e12-9. Atrial Fibrillation-Figure with Ventricular Pacing
T - 12-2. CHA[2]DS[2]-VASc Risk Score for Assessing Risk of Stroke and for Selecting Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
T - 12-3. DOACs for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
12-09. Atrial Flutter
12-10. Atrial Tachycardia
12-10. Atrial Tachycardia
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e12-13. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia-Figure with Varying P Wave Morphologies and P-P Intervals; Right Atrial Overload with Peaked P Waves in II, III, and Avf (with Vertical P Wave Axis); Superior Qrs Axis; Slow R Wave Progression with Delayed Transition in Precordial Leads in Patient with Severe Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
F - e12-14. Right Bundle Branch Block
12-11. Ventricular Premature Beats (Ventricular Extrasystoles)
12-12. Ventricular Tachycardia
12-13. Ventricular Fibrillation & Sudden Death
12-14. Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes
12-15. Syncope
Part 12. Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm
Part 13. Systemic Hypertension
13-01. Overview: Systemic Hypertension
13-02. How is Blood Pressure Measured & Hypertension Diagnosed?
13-02. How is Blood Pressure Measured & Hypertension Diagnosed?
F - 13-1. According to These Recommendations, if AOBP Measurements are not Available, Blood Pressures Recorded Manually in the Office May be Substituted if Taken as the Mean of the Last Two Readings of Three Consecutive Readings
T - 13-1. Corresponding Blood Pressure Values Across a Range of Blood Pressure Measurement Methods
13-03. Approach to Hypertension
13-03. Approach to Hypertension
F - 13-2. Severe, Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy with Hard Exudates, Increased Vessel Light Reflexes, and Sausage-Shaped Veins
F - e13-1. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
F - e13-2. Mild Papilledema
T - 13-2. Causes of Secondary Hypertension
T - 13-3. The Impact of Lifestyle Modifications
T - 13-4. Comparison of Blood Pressure Treatment Thresholds from the 207 ACC/AHA Guidelines, the 208 Hypertension Canada Guidelines, and the 208 Esh/Esc Guidelines
T - 13-5. Cardiovascular Risk Factors
13-04. Drug Therapy: Current Antihypertensive Agents
13-04. Drug Therapy: Current Antihypertensive Agents
T - 13-10. Alpha-Blocking Agents, Sympatholytics, and Vasodilators
T - 13-11. A Stepped Care Approach to the Initiation and Titration of Antihypertension Medications
T - 13-12. Choice of Antihypertensive Agent Based on Demographic Considerations
T - 13-13. Recommended Antihypertensive Medications for Coexisting Indications
T - 13-6. Antihypertensive Drugs: Renin and ACE Inhibitors and Arbs
T - 13-7. Antihypertensive Drugs: Calcium Channel Blocking Agents
T - 13-8. Antihypertensive Drugs: Diuretics (in Descending Order of Preference)
T - 13-9. Antihypertensive Drugs: Beta-Blocking Agents
13-05. Resistant Hypertension
13-06. Uncontrolled Hypertension & Hypertensive Emergency
Part 13. Systemic Hypertension
Part 14. Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders
14-01. Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease
14-02. Occlusive Disease: Aorta & Iliac Arteries
14-03. Occlusive Disease: Femoral & Popliteal Arteries
14-04. Occlusive Disease: Tibial & Pedal Arteries
14-05. Acute Arterial Occlusion of a Limb
14-06. Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease
14-07. Visceral Artery Insufficiency (Intestinal Angina)
14-09. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)
14-10. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
14-11. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
14-12. Peripheral Artery Aneurysms
14-13. Aortic Dissection
14-14. Varicose Veins
14-15. Superficial Venous Thrombophlebitis
14-16. Chronic Venous Insufficiency
14-16. Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 14-2. Cellulitis in an Older Man with Venous Stasis Dermatitis
F - 14-3. Ascending Lymphangitis Characterized by Lymphatic Streaking Up the Leg in a 55-Year-Old Man with Cellulitis
F - e14-12. Venous Ulcer on the Ankle of an Elderly Man
14-17. Superior Vena Caval Obstruction
14-18. Lymphangitis & Lymphadenitis
14-19. Lymphedema
14-20. Shock
Part 14. Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders
Part 15. Blood Disorders
15-01. Anemias
15-02. Iron Deficiency Anemia
15-03. Anemia of Chronic Disease
15-04. The Thalassemias
15-04. The Thalassemias
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e15-3. Hemoglobin H Disease, on Peripheral Blood Smear
F - e15-4. Beta-Thalassemia Minor, on Peripheral Blood Smear
F - e15-5. Beta-Thalassemia Major, on Peripheral Blood Smear
T - 15-4. Alpha-Thalassemia Syndromes
T - 15-5. Beta-Thalassemia Syndromes
15-05. Sideroblastic Anemia
15-06. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
15-06. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e15-10. Vitamin B12 Deficiency-Figure
F - e15-7. Role of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) and Folic Acid in Nucleic Acid and Myelin Metabolism
F - e15-8. Megaloblastic Anemia due to Vitamin B12 Deficiency-Figure, Peripheral Blood Smear
F - e15-9. Megaloblastic Anemia as a Result of Vitamin B12 or Folate Deficiency, Peripheral Blood Smear
T - 15-6. Causes of Vitamin B2 Deficiency
15-07. Folic Acid Deficiency
15-09. Hemolytic Anemias
15-10. Hereditary Spherocytosis
15-11. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
15-12. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
15-13. Sickle Cell Anemia & Related Syndromes
15-16. Hemoglobin C Disorders
15-18. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
15-19. Cold Agglutinin Disease
15-20. Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias
15-21. Aplastic Anemia
15-22. Neutropenia
15-23. Leukemias & Other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
15-24. Polycythemia Vera
15-26. Primary Myelofibrosis
15-27. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
15-28. Myelodysplastic Neoplasms
15-29. Acute Leukemia
15-30. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
15-31. Hairy Cell Leukemia
15-32. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
15-33. Hodgkin Lymphoma
15-34. Plasma Cell Myeloma
15-35. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
15-36. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
15-37. Amyloidosis
15-37. Amyloidosis
15-38. Stem Cell & Immune Cell Therapeutics
15-39. Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
15-40. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
15-41. Immune Effector Cell Therapy
15-42. Blood Transfusions
15-43. RBC Transfusions
15-44. Platelet Transfusions
15-45. Transfusion of Plasma Components
Essentials of Diagnosis
Part 15. Blood Disorders
Part 16. Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy
16-01. Overview of Hemostasis
16-02. Thrombocytopenia
16-03. Decreased Platelet Production
16-04. Increased Platelet Destruction
1. Immune Thrombocytopenia
16-04. Increased Platelet Destruction
2. Thrombotic Microangiopathy
3. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
4. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
F - 16-1. Management of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), a Simplified Overview
T - 16-4. Presentation and Management of Thrombotic Microangiopathies
T - 16-5. Management of Suspected or Proven HIT
T - 16-6. Management of DIC
16-05. Other Conditions Causing Thrombocytopenia
1. Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia
16-06. Congenital Disorders of Platelet Function
2. Posttransfusion Purpura
3. Von Willebrand Disease Type 2B
4. Platelet Sequestration
5. Pregnancy
6. Infection or Sepsis
7. Pseudothrombocytopenia
T - 16-7. Selected Medications Causing Drug-Associated Thrombocytopenia
T - e16-1. Selected Causes of Splenomegaly
16-07. Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
16-08. Congenital Disorders of Coagulation
16-09. Acquired Disorders of Coagulation
1. Acquired Antibodies to Factor II
16-10. Other Causes of Bleeding
2. Acquired Antibodies to Factor V
3. Acquired Antibodies to Factor VIII
4. Vitamin K Deficiency
5. Coagulopathy of Liver Disease
6. Warfarin Ingestion
7. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
8. Heparin/Fondaparinux/Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulant Use
9. Lupus Anticoagulants
16-11. Antithrombotic Therapy
16-11. Antithrombotic Therapy
16-12. Primary VTE Prevention & Treatment in Severe Covid-19
T - 16-10. DOACs for VTE Prophylaxis and Treatment
T - 16-11. Medications to Consider for Reversing Anticoagulant Effect During Life-Threatening Bleeding
T - 16-12. Risk Stratification for DVT/VTE Among Surgical Inpatients
T - 16-13. Padua Risk Assessment Model for VTE Prophylaxis in Hospitalized Medical Patients
T - 16-14. Pharmacologic Prophylaxis of VTE in Selected Clinical Scenarios
T - 16-15. Contraindications to VTE Prophylaxis for Medical or Surgical Hospital Inpatients at High Risk for VTE
T - 16-16. Initial Anticoagulation for VTE
T - 16-17. Patient Selection for Outpatient Treatment of DVT
T - 16-18. Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI)
T - 16-19. Warfarin Dosing Adjustment Guidelines for Initiation of Warfarin Therapy
T - 16-20. Warfarin-Dosing Adjustment Guidelines for Patients Receiving Long-Term Therapy, with Target INR 2-3
T - 16-21. American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Supratherapeutic INR
T - 16-22. Duration of Treatment of VTE
T - 16-23. Candidates for Thrombophilia Workup if Results Will Influence Management
T - 16-24. Laboratory Evaluation of Thrombophilia
T - 16-25. Contraindications to Thrombolytic Therapy for PE
T - 16-26. Thrombolytic Regimens for Acute PE
T - e16-3. Commonly Used Agents and Their Potential Effect on the INR
Part 16. Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy
Part 17. Gastrointestinal Disorders
17-01. Dyspepsia
17-02. Nausea & Vomiting
17-04. Constipation
17-05. Gastrointestinal Gas
17-06. Diarrhea
17-07. Gi Bleeding
1. Acute Upper Gi Bleeding
17-07. Gi Bleeding
2. Acute Lower Gi Bleeding
3. Suspected Small Bowel Bleeding
4. Occult Gi Bleeding
F - e17-1. Duodenal Angioectasia Characterized by its Bright Red, Stellate Appearance
F - e17-2. A: Colonic Angioectasia Characterized by its Bright Red Appearance
F - e17-3. The Corkscrew Vessels of a Solitary Colonic Angioectasia are Seen with Slight Bleeding
17-08. Assessment of the Patient with Ascites
17-09. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
17-14. Diseases of the Esophagus
17-15. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
17-15. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
F - e17-10. A: Under High-Definition, White-Light Endoscopy, Columnar Epithelium is Visible Extending into the Distal Esophagus in a Circumferential Manner
F - e17-11. A: A Smooth, Benign Appearing Peptic Stricture in the Distal Esophagus
F - e17-4. Normal Appearing Z Line: the Junction of Squamous Esophageal Mucosa and Columnar Gastric Mucosa
F - e17-5. With Gastroscope Within Stomach and Retroflexed, the Proximal Stomach Can be Seen Extending above the Diaphragmatic Narrowing
F - e17-6. Distal Esophagus (Squamocolumnar Junction) with 2 Linear Erosions >5 mm in Length at 2 and 10 O'clock (LA Grade B)
F - e17-7. Distal Esophagus with Ulceration Involving Less Than 75% of Circumference (LA Grade C)
F - e17-8. Distal Esophagus with Ulceration Involving >75% of the Esophageal Circumference Consistent with LA Grade D
F - e17-9. Using Blue Light Enhancement, a Solitary Tongue of Columnar Epithelium is Seen that Extends into the Distal Esophagus
17-16. Infectious Esophagitis
17-19. Benign Esophageal Lesions
1. Mallory-Weiss Syndrome (Mucosal Laceration of Gastroesophageal Junction)
2. Eosinophilic Esophagitis
3. Esophageal Webs & Rings
4. Zenker Diverticulum
5. Esophageal Varices
6. Esophageal Diverticula
7. Benign Esophageal Neoplasms
F - e17-13. A Mallory Weiss Tear with Active Oozing is Evident at the Squamocolumnar Junction
F - e17-14. White Plaques and Linear Furrows Commonly Seen with Eosinophilic Esophagitis
F - e17-15. Fine, Concentric Mucosal Rings (Trachealization) Seen in Some Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis
F - e17-16. Two Trunks of Small Nonbleeding Varices Visualized in Distal Esophagus
F - e17-17. Through the Plastic Endoscopic Application Device is Visualized a Rubber Band that Has Been Placed on a Varix
17-20. Esophageal Motility Disorders
17-22. Gastritis & Gastropathy
17-23. Peptic Ulcer Disease
17-23. Peptic Ulcer Disease
F - e17-18. A: A Benign, Clean-Based Gastric Ulcer
F - e17-19. Clean Based Duodenal White 1-cm Ulcer of Duodenal Bulb
F - e17-20. A Large, Deep Duodenal Ulcer is Seen with Brown Spots Suggesting Recent Bleeding
F - e17-21. A Soft, Gelatinous Clot is Adherent to an Underlying Duodenal Ulcer
F - e17-22. Active Bleeding Obscured an Underlying Duodenal Ulcer
17-24. Complications of Peptic Ulcer Disease
17-25. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
17-27. Malabsorption
1. Celiac Disease
17-27. Malabsorption
2. Whipple Disease
3. Bacterial Overgrowth
4. Short Bowel Syndrome
5. Lactase Deficiency
F - e17-23. In the Duodenum, the Mucosa Has a 'scalloped' or 'mosaic' Appearance
T - 17-11. Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings in Malabsorption of Various Nutrients
17-28. Intestinal Motility Disorders
17-30. Appendicitis
17-34. Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
17-35. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
1. Crohn Disease
17-35. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
2. Ulcerative Colitis
3. Microscopic Colitis
F - e17-25. Crohn Disease of Colon Characterized by Scattered Ulcers with Adherent Mucopus and Intervening Normal Appearing Mucosa
F - e17-26. Crohn Involvement of Terminal Ileum with Extensive Linear and Stellate Ulcers
F - e17-27. A Crohn Ulcer is Seen that Has Resulted in a Colonic Stricture
F - e17-28. Mild Ulcerative Colitis-Figure Characterized by Loss of Normal Vascularity and Scattered Small Erosions
F - e17-29. Severe Ulcerative Colitis-Figure is Characterized by Granularity, Loss of Normal Vascularity, Diffuse Erosions and Ulcerations, and Spontaneous Bleeding
T - 17-12. Ulcerative Colitis: Assessment of Disease Activity
17-36. Diverticular Disease of the Colon
17-37. Polyps of the Colon
17-38. Nonfamilial Adenomatous & Serrated Polyps
17-38. Nonfamilial Adenomatous & Serrated Polyps
F - e17-32. Diminutive Sessile Colonic Adenoma Characterized by a Variegated Mucosal Surface
F - e17-33. Diminutive Sessile Colonic Adenoma Visualized Under Blue Light Imaging to Characterize a Prominent Mottled Vascular Pattern
F - e17-34. A Large, Slightly Elevated Serrated Lesions is Well Seen after 'lifting' with a Submucosal Injection of Saline with Blue Dye Coloring
F - e17-35. A Large Sessile Colonic Adenoma; Pathologic Assessment Confirmed Tubulovillous Features
F - e17-36. A 1-cm Bi-Lobed Adenoma is Visible that is Attached to a Long Stalk (Pedunculated Polyp)
17-39. Hereditary Colorectal Cancer & Polyposis Syndromes
17-40. Hemorrhoids
17-40. Hemorrhoids
17-41. Anorectal Infections
17-42. Rectal Prolapse & Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
17-43. Fecal Incontinence
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e17-37. Forward View of Internal Hemorrhoid Columns
F - e17-38. Location of Internal Hemorrhoids Within Distal Rectum, Proximal to Dentate Line is Confirmed on this Colonoscopic Retroflex View
F - e17-39. External Hemorrhoid Characterized by its Location Adjacent but External to Anal Opening and Squamous Epithelium
17-44. Other Anal Conditions
Part 17. Gastrointestinal Disorders
Part 18. Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders
18-01. Jaundice & Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Biochemical Tests
18-01. Jaundice & Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Biochemical Tests
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e18-1. Jaundice
F - e18-10. Schematic Diagram of a Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiogram, Here Used to Provide Drainage for an Obstructing Pancreatic Carcinoma
F - e18-2. Urine in Hyperbilirubinemia
F - e18-3. Vascular Spider Telangiectasia
F - e18-4. Palmar Erythema
F - e18-5. Caput Medusae, Umbilical Hernia
F - e18-6. Ascites, Gynecomastia
F - e18-7. Choledocholithiasis
F - e18-8. Dilated Bile Ducts
F - e18-9. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
T - 18-1. Classification of Jaundice
T - 18-2. Hyperbilirubinemic Disorders
T - 18-3. Liver Biochemical Tests: Normal Values and Changes in Hepatocellular and Obstructive Jaundice
T - 18-4. Causes of Serum Aminotransferase Elevations
18-02. Acute Hepatitis A
18-03. Acute Hepatitis B
18-04. Acute Hepatitis C & Other Causes of Acute Viral Hepatitis
18-05. Acute Liver Failure
18-06. Chronic Viral Hepatitis
1. Chronic Hepatitis B & Chronic Hepatitis D
2. Chronic Hepatitis C
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e18-11. Mild Chronic Hepatitis (Low Power and High Power)
F - e18-12. Moderately Severe Chronic Hepatitis (Low Power and High Power)
T - 18-6. Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for HCV Infection (in Alphabetical Order Within Class)
T - 18-7. Preferred Fda-Approved Oral Direct-Acting Antiviral (Daa) Treatment Regimens for HCV Infection
18-07. Autoimmune Hepatitis
18-07. Autoimmune Hepatitis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e18-13. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Typical Histologic Findings of Autoimmune Hepatitis are Plasma Cells (Arrows) at the Interface Between the Portal Tract (Top of Figure) and Lobule (Bottom), with Inflammatory Cells Spilling into the Lobule, Referred to as Interface Hepatitis
18-08. Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
18-09. Drug- & Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
18-10. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
18-11. Cirrhosis
18-11. Cirrhosis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e18-17. Micronodular Cirrhosis-Figure: Trichome Stain of a Liver Biopsy Specimen from a 33-Year-Old Man with Cirrhosis-Figure Shows Regenerative Nodules (Circle) Surrounded by Fibrosis (Arrows) Bridging from Portal Tracts to Adjacent Portal Tracts and Central Veins
F - e18-18. Cirrhosis-Figure: Macronodular and Postnecrotic (Low Power)
F - e18-19. Clinical Effects of Cirrhosis-Figure of the Liver
F - e18-20. Umbilical Hernia from Severe Ascites in Decompensated Cirrhosis-Figure
F - e18-21. Spider Telangiectasias of the Thoracic Wall in Chronic Liver Disease
F - e18-22. Spider Telangiectasias of the Face in Chronic Liver Disease
F - e18-23. Palmar Erythema in Chronic Liver Disease
F - e18-24. Caput Medusae in Cirrhosis-Figure
F - e18-25. Cirrhosis-Figure
F - e18-26. Cirrhosis-Figure
F - e18-27. Portal Hypertension
F - e18-28. Cirrhosis-Figure
F - e18-29. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
F - e18-30. Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
F - e18-31. Position of Patient for Paracentesis
F - e18-32. Aspiration of Peritoneal Fluid
F - e18-33. Pathogenesis of Ascites Formation in the Cirrhotic Patient
F - e18-34. A: Esophageal Varices: Upper Endoscopy Demonstrates Four Columns of Esophageal Varices
T - 18-8. Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Scoring Systems for Staging Cirrhosis
18-12. Primary Biliary Cholangitis
18-13. Hemochromatosis
18-14. Wilson Disease
18-15. Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction (Budd-Chiari Syndrome)
18-17. Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension
18-18. Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess
18-19. Benign Liver Neoplasms
18-20. Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)
18-21. Acute Cholecystitis
18-22. Pre- & Postcholecystectomy Syndromes
18-23. Choledocholithiasis & Cholangitis
18-25. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
18-25. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e18-53. Liver Biopsy Specimens Showing Two Views of the Characteristic Periductal Fibrosis (Onion-Skinning) of Sclerosing Cholangitis
F - e18-54. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Shows Sclerosing Cholangitis (Metallic Clips Shown are Incidental)
F - e18-55. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
18-26. Acute Pancreatitis
18-26. Acute Pancreatitis
F - e18-56. Factors Likely Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis
F - e18-57. Acute Pancreatitis
F - e18-58. Pancreatitis
F - e18-59. Acute Pancreatitis
F - e18-60. Transverse Ultrasonogram of the Upper Abdomen in a Patient with Pancreatitis
F - e18-61. CT Scan of a Large Unilocular Pseudocyst Impinging on the Posterior Wall of the Stomach (Which Contains Contrast Media)
T - 18-10. Ranson Criteria for Assessing the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
T - 18-11. Estimated Mortality Rates of Pancreatitis Based on Severity
18-27. Chronic Pancreatitis
Part 18. Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders
Part 19. Breast Disorders
19-01. Fibrocystic Condition
19-03. Nipple Discharge
19-07. Carcinoma of the Female Breast
19-07. Carcinoma of the Female Breast
F - 19-1. Frequency of Breast Carcinoma at Various Anatomic Sites
F - 19-2. Skin Dimpling
F - 19-3. Paget Disease
F - 19-4. Evaluation of Breast Masses in Premenopausal Women
F - 19-5. Evaluation of Breast Masses in Postmenopausal Women
F - 19-6. Sentinel Node
F - e19-1. Extremely Dense Breast
F - e19-10. Modified Radical Mastectomy Defect
F - e19-2. Fatty Breast
F - e19-3. Cancer in a Fatty Breast
F - e19-4. Heterogeneously Dense Tissue
F - e19-5. Palpation of Axillary Region for Enlarged Lymph Nodes
F - e19-6. Palpation of Breasts
F - e19-7. Scattered Fibroglandular Tissue
F - e19-8. Acute Mastitis, Which Can Look Clinically Identical to Inflammatory Carcinoma
F - e19-9. Photomicrograph of Breast Biopsy from a Woman with Inflammatory Breast Cancer Showing Normal-Appearing Epidermis (Bottom of Figure) with Tumor Cells Infiltrating the Lymphatic Channels of the Dermis
T - 19-2. Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Breast Cancer (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
T - 19-3. Histologic Types of Breast Cancer
T - 19-4. Prognostic Factors for Recurrence in Node-Negative Breast Cancer
T - 19-5. Hormonally Targeted Agents Commonly Used for Management of Metastatic Breast Cancer (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
T - 19-6. Approximate Survival of Patients with Breast Cancer by TNM Stage
19-08. Carcinoma of the Male Breast
Part 19. Breast Disorders
Part 20. Gynecologic Disorders
20-01. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Women of Reproductive Age
20-01. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Women of Reproductive Age
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e20-1. Cervical Polyps
F - e20-2. Uterine Myoma, Cut Section
F - e20-3. Myoma
T - 20-1. Common Gynecologic Diagnostic Procedures
T - e20-1. Palm-Coein Classification System for the Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age
20-02. Postmenopausal Uterine Bleeding
20-03. Leiomyoma of the Uterus (Fibroid Tumor)
20-04. Cervical Polyps
20-05. Pelvic Pain
20-06. Pelvic Organ Prolapse
20-06. Pelvic Organ Prolapse
20-07. Premenstrual Syndrome
F - e20-10. Uterine Prolapse, Slight and Marked (Procidentia)
F - e20-11. Insertion of Hodge Type Pessary if Bimanual Replacement of Uterus is not Successful
F - e20-12. Types of Pessaries
F - e20-7. Anterior Vaginal Prolapse, Known as Cystocele
F - e20-8. Rectocele (Also Known as Posterior Vaginal Prolapse), (A
F - e20-9. Enterocele and Prolapsed Uterus, Sagittal View
20-08. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
20-10. Contraception & Family Planning
1. Oral Contraceptives
10. Sterilization
11. Abortion
2. Contraceptive Injections & Implants (Long-Acting Progestins)
20-10. Contraception & Family Planning
20-11. Female Sexual Dysfunction
3. Other Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
4. Intrauterine Devices
5. Diaphragm & Cervical Cap
6. Contraceptive Foam, Cream, Film, Sponge, Jelly, & Suppository
7. Condoms
8. Contraception Based On Awareness of Fertile Periods
9. Emergency Contraception
F - e20-13. Intrauterine Devices (Iuds) Currently Approved for Use in the U
F - e20-14. Insertion of the Paragard T 380a Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD)
F - e20-15. Typical Basal Body Temperature and Plasma Hormone Concentrations (Mean ± Standard Error) During a Normal 28-Day Human Menstrual Cycle
T - 20-2. Commonly Used Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives (Listed Within Each Group in Order of Increasing Estrogen Dose)
T - 20-3. Contraindications to Use of Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
T - 20-4. Contraindications to IUD Use
20-12. Sexual Violence
20-13. Bartholin Duct Cysts & Abscesses
20-14. Vaginitis
20-14. Vaginitis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 20-2. Cervical Candidiasis
F - 20-3. Strawberry Cervix in Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection, with Inflammation and Punctate Hemorrhages
F - 20-4. Clue Cells Seen in Bacterial Vaginosis due to Gardnerella Vaginalis
F - e20-16. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Preparation Showing Branched Hyphae and Budding Yeast of Candida Albicans
20-15. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Salpingitis, Endometritis)
20-16. Condyloma Acuminata
20-17. Effects of Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol in Utero
20-18. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) (Dysplasia of the Cervix)
20-19. Carcinoma of the Cervix
20-20. Carcinoma of the Endometrium
20-21. Carcinoma of the Vulva
20-21. Carcinoma of the Vulva
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e20-21. Vulvar High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion (Hsil) with Extensive Perineal and Perianal Extension
F - e20-22. Lymphogranuloma Venereum-Figure (Lgv), an Infection of the Lymphatic and Soft Tissues of the Perineum Caused by One of the Aggressive L Serotypes (L1, L2, or L3) of Chlamydia Trachomatis
20-22. Ovarian Tumors & Ovarian Cancer
Part 20. Gynecologic Disorders
Part 21. Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders
21-01. Diagnosis of Pregnancy
21-02. Essentials of Prenatal Care
21-05. Lactation
21-07. Vomiting of Pregnancy & Hyperemesis Gravidarum
21-08. Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss
21-10. Ectopic Pregnancy
21-11. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma)
21-12. Preeclampsia-Eclampsia
21-14. Third-Trimester Bleeding
21-16. Chorioamnionitis & Metritis
21-20. Diabetes Mellitus
21-20. Diabetes Mellitus
21-21. Chronic Hypertension
21-22. Heart Disease
21-23. Asthma
21-24. Seizure Disorders
21-25. Urinary Tract Infection
21-26. Group B Streptococcal Infection
21-27. Varicella
21-28. Tuberculosis
21-29. HIV/AIDS During Pregnancy
21-30. Maternal Hepatitis B & C Carrier State
21-31. Herpes Genitalis
21-32. Syphilis, Gonorrhea, & Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection
21-33. Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, & Biliary Disorders of Pregnancy
21-34. Cholelithiasis & Cholecystitis
21-35. Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
21-36. Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
21-37. Appendicitis
21-38. Ovarian Tumors
T - 21-4. Screening and Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Part 21. Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders
Part 22. Rheumatologic, Immunologic, & Allergic Disorders
22-01. Rheumatologic Disorders
22-01. Rheumatologic Disorders
F - e22-1. A: Lateral View of the Ankle
F - e22-2. A: Anterior View of the Shoulder
F - e22-3. A: Dorsum of the Left Wrist
F - e22-4. A: Lateral View of the Knee
F - e22-5. A: Lateral View of the Elbow Flexed to 90 Degrees
F - e22-6. Injection of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
F - e22-7. Injection of the Trochanteric Bursa
T - 22-1. Diagnostic Value of the Joint Pattern
T - 22-2. Examination of Joint Fluid
T - 22-3. Differential Diagnosis by Joint Fluid Groups
22-02. Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)
22-02. Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 22-1. Osteoarthritis in an Older Woman with Heberden Nodes at the Distal Interphalangeal Joints
F - e22-10. Osteoarthritis with Medial Compartment Narrowing of Both Knees
F - e22-8. Osteoarthritis with Joint Space Narrowing of Both the Distal Interphalangeal Joints and the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints of the Left Hand
F - e22-9. Radiograph of the Left Thumb Shows Loss of the Joint Space Between the Proximal Thumb Metacarpal and the Trapezium Bone
22-03. Crystal Deposition Arthritis
1. Gouty Arthritis
2. Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition
22-04. Autoimmune Diseases
F - 22-2. Typical Inflammatory Changes of Gout at First Metatarsophalangeal Joint (Podagra)
F - e22-11. Tophaceous Deposit on the Elbow of a Patient with Gout
F - e22-12. Gouty Erosion at the First Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint of the Right Foot
F - e22-13. Chondrocalcinosis of the Triangular Cartilage of the Left Wrist
T - 22-4. Origin of Hyperuricemia
22-05. Rheumatoid Arthritis
22-05. Rheumatoid Arthritis
22-06. Adult Still Disease
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 22-3. Rheumatoid Arthritis with Ulnar Deviation at the Metacarpophalangeal Joints
F - 22-4. Rheumatoid Nodules over the Extensor Surface of the Forearm
F - 22-5. Scleritis in a Young Woman with Rheumatoid Arthritis
F - e22-14. Synovitis Bilaterally at Multiple Metacarpal Phalangeal Joints in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
F - e22-15. Florid Wrist Synovitis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
F - e22-16. Rheumatoid Arthritis
F - e22-17. Erosions at Ulnar Styloid and at the Radioulnar Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
F - e22-18. Erosions at the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Metatarsophalangeal Joints of the Right Foot in a Patient with Advanced Rheumatoid Arthritis
F - e22-19. Subluxation of the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Metacarpal Heads of the Right Hand in a Patient with Advanced Rheumatoid Arthritis
T - 22-5. Classification Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis
T - 22-6. Frequency (%) of Autoantibodies in Rheumatic Diseases
22-07. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
22-07. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e22-20. Lupus Panniculitis (Also Known as Lupus Profundus) in a Patient with SLE
F - e22-21. Active Discoid Lupus Skin Lesions
T - 22-7. 209 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for SLE
T - 22-8. Frequency (%) of Laboratory Abnormalities in SLE
T - e22-1. Association Between the Presence of Various Hla Markers and Selected Autoimmune Diseases
T - e22-2. Traditional Criteria for the Classification of SLE
22-08. Drug-Induced Lupus
22-09. Antiphospholipid Syndrome
22-10. Raynaud Phenomenon
22-10. Raynaud Phenomenon
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 22-6. The Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) Nailfold Capillaroscopic Pattern: Early, Active, and Late Nailfold Patterns Versus Normal
F - e22-22. Infected Digital Ulcer from Raynaud Phenomenon
F - e22-23. Raynaud Phenomenon of the Hands Characterized by Paroxysmal Bilateral Digital Pallor and Cyanosis Followed by Rubor; Early in Attacks, Only One or Two Fingertips May be Affected but as It Progresses, All Fingers Down to the Distal Palm May be Involved
T - 22-9. Causes of Secondary Raynaud Phenomenon
22-11. Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
22-12. Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Myopathies
22-12. Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Myopathies
22-13. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Overlap, & Undifferentiated Syndromes
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 22-7. Bilateral Heliotrope Rash, Which is a Pathognomonic Sign of Dermatomyositis
F - e22-26. Heliotrope Rash in a Patient who Has Anti-Nxp2 Dermatomyositis
F - e22-27. Gottron Sign (Erythematous Rash on the Extensors Surfaces of the Fingers) in a Patient with Dermatomyositis
T - 22-10. Myositis-Specific Antibodies
22-14. Sjögren Syndrome
22-15. Igg4-Related Disease
22-16. Vasculitis Syndromes
22-17. Polymyalgia Rheumatica & Giant Cell Arteritis
22-19. Polyarteritis Nodosa
22-20. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
22-21. Microscopic Polyangiitis
22-27. Behçet Disease
22-27. Behçet Disease
22-28. Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System
22-29. Livedo Reticularis & Livedo Racemosa
22-30. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e22-30. Behçet Syndrome Characterized by Recurrent Oral and Genital Ulcers in a 17-Year-Old Girl
F - e22-31. Severe Uveitis with Hypopyon
22-31. Axial Spondyloarthritis
22-31. Axial Spondyloarthritis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e22-32. Acute Iridocyclitis in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis
F - e22-33. Fusion of Bilateral Sacroiliac Joints in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis
F - e22-34. Radiograph of the Lumbar Spine of a Different Patient, Demonstrating Shiny Corners (Romanus Lesions) (Arrows)
F - e22-35. Kidney, Ureter, Bladder (Kub) View Showing Bamboo Spine and Fusion of Both Sacroiliac Joints
F - e22-36. Anterior Spinal Ligament Calcifications and Fusion of the Lumbar Spine in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis
F - e22-37. Anterior Spinal Ligament Calcifications and Fusion of the Cervical Spine in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis
F - e22-38. Exuberant Osteophytes (Sometimes Termed flowing Enthesophytes or bridging Syndesmophytes) at Multiple Contiguous Levels of the Lumbar Spine in a Patient with Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)
22-32. Psoriatic Arthritis
22-33. Reactive Arthritis
22-33. Reactive Arthritis
22-34. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Spondyloarthritis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 22-9. Circinate Balanitis due to Reactive Arthritis
F - e22-40. Acute Iridocyclitis with Hypopyon in a Patient with Reactive Arthritis
F - e22-41. Keratoderma Blennorrhagica of the Soles due to Reactive Arthritis
22-35. Nongonococcal Acute Bacterial (Septic) Arthritis
22-36. Gonococcal Arthritis
22-39. Mycotic Infections of Bones & Joints
22-40. Spinal Tuberculosis (Pott Disease)
22-41. Tuberculous Arthritis
22-43. Tumors & Tumor-Like Lesions of Bone
22-44. Fibromyalgia
22-50. Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis of Bone)
22-52. Allergic & Immunologic Disorders
22-53. Immediate Hypersensitivity
22-55. Adverse Drug Reactions
22-56. Delayed Drug Hypersensitivity
22-57. Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders in Adults
1. Selective IgA Deficiency
2. Common Variable Immunodeficiency (Cvid)
22-57. Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders in Adults
3. Specific (Functional) Antibody Deficiency
4. Immunoglobulin Subclass Deficiency
5. Secondary Hypogammaglobulinemia
T - 22-14. Selected Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes
T - e22-6. Secondary Causes of Hypogammaglobulinemia
Part 22. Rheumatologic, Immunologic, & Allergic Disorders
Part 23. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
23-01. Assessment of the Patient for Electrolyte and Fluid Disorders
23-02. Hyponatremia
23-03. Hypernatremia
23-04. Hypokalemia
23-05. Hyperkalemia
23-07. Hypocalcemia
23-08. Hypercalcemia
23-10. Hypophosphatemia
23-11. Hyperphosphatemia
23-13. Hypomagnesemia
23-14. Hypermagnesemia
23-15. Acid-Base Disorders
23-16. Metabolic Acidosis
23-17. Increased Anion Gap Acidosis
23-18. Normal Anion Gap Acidosis
23-19. Metabolic Alkalosis
23-21. Respiratory Alkalosis
23-22. Fluid Management
Part 23. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
Part 24. Kidney Disease
24-01. Assessment of Kidney Disease
24-02. Imaging Studies of the Kidney
24-04. Acute Kidney Injury
24-05. Acute Tubular Necrosis
24-06. Rhabdomyolysis
24-07. Interstitial Nephritis
24-08. Glomerulonephritis
24-09. Covid-19 & The Kidney
24-10. Cardiorenal Syndrome
24-11. Chronic Kidney Disease
24-12. Renal Artery Stenosis
24-13. Glomerular Diseases
24-13. Glomerular Diseases
F - 24-4. Glomerular Diseases Present Within One of the Clinical Spectra Shown; the Exact Presentation is Determined by the Severity of the Underlying Disease and the Pattern of Injury
T - 24-8. Classification and Findings in Glomerulonephritis: Nephritic Spectrum Presentations
T - 24-9. Classification and Findings in Glomerulonephritis: Nephrotic Spectrum Presentations
24-14. Nephritic Spectrum Glomerular Diseases
1. Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis: Infection-Related & Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
2. Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis: Iga Nephropathy
3. Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis: Iga Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura)
4. Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis: Cryoglobulin-Associated Glomerulonephritis
5. Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis: Lupus Nephritis
6. Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis (ANCA-Associated)
7. Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis & Goodpasture Syndrome
8. C3 Glomerulopathies
9. Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Glomerulonephritis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e24-10. Pauci-Immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
F - e24-11. Immunofluorescence of Anti-GBM Nephritis
F - e24-12. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (Mpgn)
F - e24-13. Electron Microscopy of Mpgn
F - e24-4. Post-Infectious Acute Glomerulonephritis
F - e24-5. Subepithelial Deposits in Acute Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis
F - e24-6. IgA Nephropathy-Figure
F - e24-7. Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
F - e24-8. Immunofluorescence in Lupus Nephritis
F - e24-9. Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis
24-15. Nephrotic Spectrum Glomerular Diseases
24-16. Minimal Change Disease
24-17. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (Fsgs)
24-18. Membranous Nephropathy
24-19. Diabetic Nephropathy
24-21. Renal Amyloidosis
24-23. Chronic Tubulointerstitial Diseases
24-26. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
24-26. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
24-27. Medullary Sponge Kidney
24-28. Juvenile Nephronophthisis-Medullary Cystic Disease
24-29. Plasma Cell Myeloma
24-30. Sickle Cell Disease
24-31. Renal Manifestations of Tuberculosis
24-32. Gout & The Kidney
24-33. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
24-34. The Kidney & Aging
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e24-20. Ultrasonogram of Polycystic Kidney Disease
F - e24-21. CT Scan of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Part 24. Kidney Disease
Part 25. Urologic Disorders
25-01. Urologic Evaluation
25-02. Hematuria
25-03. Genitourinary Tract Infections
1. Acute Cystitis
2. Acute Pyelonephritis
25-03. Genitourinary Tract Infections
3. Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
4. Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
5. Nonbacterial Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
6. Acute Epididymitis
F - e25-1. The Diagnostic and Treatment Approach for Patients with Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
T - 25-1. Empiric Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections
T - 25-2. Clinical Characteristics of Prostatitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
T - 25-3. Recommended Treatment Regimens for Epididymitis
25-04. Interstitial Cystitis
25-05. Urinary Stone Disease
25-05. Urinary Stone Disease
F - e25-2. Renal Stones
F - e25-3. Radiograph Shows Two Dense 1-cm Calcifications (Arrows) Projecting over the Mid-Portion of the Left Kidney Consistent with Kidney Stones
F - e25-4. Ultrasound of an Asymptomatic Patient Showing a 6 mm Echogenic Stone (Thick White Arrow) in the Lower Pole of the Left Kidney with Shadowing (Thin White Arrow) Beyond the Stone
F - e25-5. An Unenhanced CT Performed on a 49-Year-Old Woman with Known Renal Stones Reveals a Large Left Staghorn Calculus
F - e25-6. Plain Radiograph of a Left Staghorn Calculus Filling the Collecting System of the Kidney and Projecting Down into the Proximal Ureter
T - e25-1. Laboratory Findings Suggestive of Systemic Diseases Presenting with Kidney Stones
25-06. Male Sexual Dysfunction & Erectile Dysfunction
25-07. Male Infertility
25-08. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
25-08. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Cancers of the Genitourinary Tract
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 25-3. Surgical Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
T - 25-4. American Urological Association Symptom Index for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
T - 25-5. Summary of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treatment Outcomes
T - 25-6. Alpha-Blockade Agent Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Part 25. Urologic Disorders
Part 26. Nervous System Disorders
26-01. Headache
1. Migraine
2. Tension-Type Headache
26-01. Headache
3. Cluster Headache
4. Posttraumatic Headache
5. Primary Cough Headache
6. Headache Due to Giant Cell (Temporal or Cranial) Arteritis
7. Headache Due to Intracranial Mass Lesion
8. Medication Overuse (Analgesic Rebound) Headache
9. Headache Due to Other Neurologic Causes
T - 26-1. Pharmacologic Prophylaxis of Migraine (Listed in Alphabetical Order Within Classes)
26-02. Facial Pain
26-03. Epilepsy
26-04. Dysautonomia
26-06. Sensory Disturbances
26-07. Weakness & Paralysis
26-08. Transient Ischemic Attacks
26-09. Stroke
1. Lacunar Infarction
2. Cerebral Infarction
3. Intracerebral Hemorrhage
4. Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
5. Intracranial Aneurysm
6. Arteriovenous Malformations
7. Intracranial Venous Thrombosis
8. Spinal Cord Vascular Diseases
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e26-3. CT Scan in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage
F - e26-4. Acute Left Mca Infarct on MRI of a 65-Year-Old Hypertensive Man
F - e26-5. Noncontrast CT Image of a Subacute Left Middle Cerebral Artery Infarct (Arrows)
F - e26-6. CT Angiogram Demonstrating Right Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (Arrow)
T - 26-4. Features of the Major Stroke Subtypes
26-10. Intracranial & Spinal Mass Lesions
26-11. Nonmetastatic Neurologic Complications of Malignant Disease
26-12. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
26-13. Selected Neurocutaneous Diseases
1. Tuberous Sclerosis
2. Neurofibromatosis
26-13. Selected Neurocutaneous Diseases
3. Sturge-Weber Syndrome
F - e26-10. Close-Up of Neurofibromas on the Back of a 44-Year-Old Man
F - e26-11. Large Café Au Lait Spot on the Back of the Same Man
F - e26-12. Close-Up of Axillary Freckling (Crow Sign) with Large Café Au Lait on Arm of Same Man
F - e26-8. Neurofibromatosis-Figure
F - e26-9. Neurofibromatosis-Figure in a 62-Year-Old Woman
26-14. Movement Disorders
26-15. Dementia
26-17. Stupor & Coma
26-18. Head Injury
26-19. Multiple Sclerosis
26-19. Multiple Sclerosis
26-20. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
26-21. Vitamin E Deficiency
26-22. Spasticity
26-23. Myelopathies in AIDS
26-24. Myelopathy of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Infection
26-25. Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e26-13. Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia due to Multiple Sclerosis
F - e26-14. Axial Brain MRI in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis Demonstrating Simultaneous Active Lesions with Gadolinium Enhancement (Long Arrows) and Old Lesions Without Enhancement (Short Arrows), Reflecting Lesions of Different Age, Ie, a Dissemination in Time
F - e26-15. Sagittal Brain MRI in the Same Patient with Multiple Sclerosis Showing Multiple Lesions at Different Levels of the Nervous System
T - 26-10. Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (in Alphabetical Order Within Categories)
26-26. Spinal Trauma
26-27. Syringomyelia
26-27. Syringomyelia
26-28. Degenerative Motor Neuron Diseases
26-29. Peripheral Neuropathies
F - e26-17. Syringomyelia (Cavitation in the Central Spinal Cord, Presenting Clinically with Pain and Paresthesias Followed by Muscular Atrophy of the Hands) Involving the Cervicothoracic Portion of the Cord
26-30. Polyneuropathies & Mononeuritis Multiplex
1. Inherited Neuropathies
2. Neuropathies Associated With Systemic & Metabolic Disorders
3. Neuropathies Associated With Infectious & Inflammatory Diseases
4. Neuropathy Associated With Critical Illness
5. Toxic Neuropathies
6. Neuropathies Associated With Malignant Diseases
7. Acute Idiopathic Polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barré Syndrome)
8. Chronic Inflammatory Polyneuropathy
Essentials of Diagnosis
26-31. Mononeuropathies
26-32. Bell Palsy
26-33. Discogenic Neck Pain
26-34. Brachial & Lumbar Plexus Lesions
26-35. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission
26-36. Myopathic Disorders
1. Muscular Dystrophies
10. Toxic Myopathies
2. Myotonic Dystrophy
26-37. Periodic Paralysis Syndromes
3. Myotonia Congenita
4. Mitochondrial Myopathies
5. Acid Maltase Deficiency (Pompe Disease)
6. Dermatomyositis, Anti-Synthetase Syndromes, Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies, & Polymyositis
7. Inclusion Body Myositis
8. Endocrine Myopathies
9. Critical Illness Myopathy
Essentials of Diagnosis
T - 26-11. Selected Muscular Dystrophies
Part 26. Nervous System Disorders
Part 27. Psychiatric Disorders
27-01. Psychiatric Assessment
27-03. Psychiatric Adjustment Disorders
27-05. Anxiety Disorders
27-06. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder & Related Disorders
27-07. Somatic Symptom Disorders (Abnormal Illness Behaviors)
27-08. Chronic Pain Disorders
27-10. Personality Disorders
27-11. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
27-11. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Essentials of Diagnosis
T - 27-3. Commonly Used Antipsychotic Medications (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
T - 27-4. Relative Potency and Side Effects of Antipsychotic Medications (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
T - 27-5. Adverse Factors Associated with Atypical Antipsychotic Medications (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
27-12. Mood Disorders (Depression & Mania)
27-12. Mood Disorders (Depression & Mania)
F - 27-2. Overview of Treatment for Depression
T - 27-6. Commonly Used Antidepressant Medications (Listed in Alphabetical Order Within Classes)
T - 27-7. Principal Dietary Restrictions in Mao Inhibitor Use
T - e27-3. Antidepressant Drug Interactions with other Medications (Listed in Alphabetical Order Within Classes)
T - e27-4. Lithium Interactions with other Medications (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
27-13. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
27-14. Autism Spectrum Disorders
27-15. Sleep-Wake Disorders
27-18. Alcohol Use Disorder (Alcoholism)
27-19. Other Drug & Substance Use Disorders
27-20. Neurocognitive Disorders
Part 27. Psychiatric Disorders
Part 28. Endocrine Disorders
28-01. Anterior Hypopituitarism
28-03. Acromegaly & Gigantism
28-04. Hyperprolactinemia
28-05. Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas
28-07. Thyroiditis
28-08. Hypothyroidism & Myxedema
28-09. Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)
28-09. Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e28-5. Pretibial Myxedema
F - e28-6. Onycholysis (Separation of the Nail from its Bed) in Graves Disease Usually Resolves Spontaneously as the Patient Improves
T - 28-4. Factors that Can Cause Aberration Laboratory Tests for Hyperthyroidism
T - 28-5. Medications for the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
28-10. Thyroid Eye Disease
28-11. Thyroid Nodules & Multinodular Goiter
28-12. Thyroid Cancer
28-13. Iodine Deficiency Disorder & Endemic Goiter
28-14. Diseases of the Parathyroids
28-15. Hypoparathyroidism & Pseudohypoparathyroidism
28-15. Hypoparathyroidism & Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e28-12. Position of Fingers in Carpal Spasm due to Hypocalcemic Tetany
F - e28-13. Metastatic Calcification of the Globus Pallidus and Cerebellum
F - e28-14. Hands of Patient with Pseudohypoparathyroidism
T - 28-9. Vitamin D Preparations Used in the Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism
28-16. Hyperparathyroidism
28-16. Hyperparathyroidism
28-17. Metabolic Bone Disease
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e28-15. Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica with Resorption of the Distal Phalanges
F - e28-16. Radiographs of Index Finger of a Patient before (Left) and after (Right) Plasma Phosphate Was Reduced to Normal with Aluminum Hydroxide Gel and 6 Months of Dialysis Against a Bath of 8 mg/dL Calcium
F - e28-17. Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Nomogram
28-18. Osteopenia
28-19. Osteoporosis
28-20. Rickets & Osteomalacia
28-21. Paget Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)
28-22. Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison Disease)
28-23. Cushing Syndrome (Hypercortisolism)
28-25. Pheochromocytoma & Paraganglioma
28-25. Pheochromocytoma & Paraganglioma
28-26. Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Masses
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e28-21. A: Left Infrarenal Pheochromocytoma Shown by CT Scanning
T - e28-1. Clinical Manifestations of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
T - e28-2. Factors that Can Cause Misleading Catecholamine or Metanephrine Results
28-27. Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs) & Carcinoid Tumors
28-28. MEN Types 1-4
28-30. Male Hypogonadism
28-32. Gynecomastia
28-33. Hirsutism & Virilization
28-36. Menopause
28-37. Turner Syndrome (Gonadal Dysgenesis)
28-38. Clinical Use of Corticosteroids
Part 28. Endocrine Disorders
Part 29. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia
29-01. Diabetes Mellitus
29-01. Diabetes Mellitus
F - 29-1. Acanthosis Nigricans of the Nape of the Neck, with Typical Dark and Velvety Appearance
F - 29-2. Algorithm for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Based on the 2018 Recommendations of the Consensus Panel of the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes
F - 29-3. Neuropathic Foot Ulcer in a Patient with Diabetes
F - e29-1. Eruptive Xanthoma
F - e29-2. Extent and Duration of Action of Various Types of Insulin-Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamps in Healthy Volunteers
F - e29-3. Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum on the Lower Leg with Typical Findings of Skin Atrophy, Yellow Coloration, and Prominent Blood Vessels
F - e29-4. Diabetic Dermopathy on the Lower Legs that is Particularly Prominent over the Shins
T - 29-1. Other Specific Types of Diabetes Mellitus
T - 29-2. Secondary Causes of Hyperglycemia
T - 29-3. Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes
T - 29-4. Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Oral Doses Unless Otherwise Noted)
T - 29-5. Summary of Bioavailability Characteristics of the Insulins
T - 29-6. Insulin Preparations Available in the United States
T - 29-7. Diagnostic Sensitivity and Specificity of Autoimmune Markers in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type Diabetes Mellitus
T - 29-8. Examples of Intensive Insulin Regimens Using Rapidly Acting Insulin Analogs (Insulin Lispro, Aspart, or Glulisine) and Long-Acting Insulin Analogs (Insulin Detemir, or Insulin Glargine or Degludec) in a 70-Kg Man with Type Diabetes
T - 29-9. Glycemic Targets for Different Groups of Adults with Either Type or Type 2 Diabetes
T - e29-1. Clinical Features of Diabetes at Diagnosis
29-02. Diabetic Coma
29-03. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
29-04. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
29-05. Lactic Acidosis
29-06. The Hypoglycemic States
29-07. Hypoglycemia Due to Pancreatic B Cell Tumors
29-09. Postprandial Hypoglycemia
Part 29. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia
Part 30. Lipid Disorders
30-01. Overview: Lipid Disorders
30-02. Lipids & Lipoproteins
30-06. Secondary Conditions that Affect Lipid Metabolism
30-07. Lipid Disorders: Clinical Presentations
30-08. Screening & Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol
30-08. Screening & Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol
T - 30-1. Risk-Enhancing Factors that Help Identify Patients who May Benefit Most from Lipid-Lowering Therapy: 208 AHA/ACC/Multi-Society Guidelines
T - 30-2. Effects of Selected Lipid-Modifying Drugs (Listed Alphabetically)
T - 30-3. Indications for High-Intensity and Moderate-Intensity Statins: Recommendations of the 208 AHA/ACC/Multi-Society Guidelines
T - 30-4. Modified 2022 ACC Therapeutic Recommendations for Adult Hypercholesterolemic Patients with Statin Intolerance
T - e30-2. Framingham 0-Year Chd Risk Projections
T - e30-3. Therapeutic Recommendations for Adult Hypercholesterolemic Patients with Coronary Artery Calcium Scores
30-09. Treatment of High LDL Cholesterol
Part 30. Lipid Disorders
Part 31. Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders, & Obesity
31-01. Nutritional Requirements
31-01. Nutritional Requirements
Carbohydrate
Dietary Guidelines
Drug-Nutrient Interactions
Energy
Fat
Minerals
Protein
T - e31-1. Recommended Dietary Reference Intakes of Vitamins for Individuals
T - e31-2. Recommended Dietary Reference Intakes of Elements for Individuals
T - e31-3. Recommended Dietary Reference Intakes of Macronutrients for Individuals
T - e31-4. Average Energy Kilocalories Expended Per Hour by Adults at Selected Weights Engaged in Various Activities
T - e31-5. Essential Macrominerals: Summary of Major Characteristics
T - e31-6. Effect of Drugs on Nutrient Absorption and Metabolism
Vitamins
31-02. Assessment of Nutritional Status
31-03. Protein-Energy Malnutrition
31-04. Obesity
31-05. Anorexia Nervosa
31-06. Bulimia Nervosa
31-15. Vitamin B6 Toxicity
31-15. Vitamin B6 Toxicity
31-16. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency
31-17. Vitamin C Toxicity
31-18. Vitamin A Deficiency
31-19. Vitamin A Toxicity
31-20. Vitamin E Deficiency
31-21. Vitamin E Toxicity
31-22. Diet Therapy
31-23. Diets that Alter Consistency
31-24. Diets that Restrict Nutrients
31-25. Diets that Supplement Nutrients
31-26. Nutritional Support
Vitamin B12 & Folate
31-27. Indications for Nutritional Support
31-29. Enteral Nutritional Support Solutions
31-32. Complications of Parenteral Nutritional Support
Part 31. Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders, & Obesity
Part 32. Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy
32-01. Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
32-02. Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient
32-03. Health Care-Associated Infections
32-04. Infections of the Central Nervous System
32-05. Animal & Human Bite Wounds
32-06. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
32-07. Infections in Persons Who Inject Drugs
32-08. Acute Infectious Diarrhea
32-09. Infectious Diseases in the Returning Traveler
32-10. Traveler's Diarrhea
32-11. Selected Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
32-11. Selected Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
32-12. Hypersensitivity
32-13. Recommended Immunization of Infants, Children, & Adolescents
T - 32-5. Medication of Choice for Suspected or Documented Microbial Pathogens (Listed in Alphabetical Order, Within Classes)
T - 32-6. Examples of Empiric Choices of Antimicrobials for Adult Outpatient Infections (Listed in Alphabetical Order, Except for Syphilis)
32-14. Recommended Immunization for Adults
32-16. Vaccine Safety
Part 32. Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy
Part 33. HIV Infection & AIDS
33-01. Overview: HIV Infection & AIDS
33-02. HIV Infection & AIDS: Clinical Findings
33-04. HIV Infection & AIDS: Complications
33-04. HIV Infection & AIDS: Complications
F - 33-2. Pneumocystis Pneumonia in a Haitian Woman Suspected of Having Underlying HIV/AIDS
F - 33-3. A 36-Year-Old Man with Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Figure
F - 33-4. CMV Retinitis
F - 33-5. Herpes Simplex Viral Skin Infection, Frequently Found in Men with HIV
F - 33-6. Molluscum Contagiosum
F - e33-1A. Pseudomembranous Form of Oral Candidiasis is the Most Common; the White Plaques over the Hard Palate Raise the Suspicion of Underlying HIV/AIDS
F - e33-1B. This Man with HIV-AIDS Has the (Less Common) Erythematous Form of Oral Candidiasis
F - e33-1C. Photomicrograph of Candida Albicans on Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Preparation
F - e33-2A. Recurrent Oral Aphthous Stomatitis
F - e33-2B. Two Aphthous Ulcers on the Tongue
F - e33-2C. Minor Aphthous Ulcer Occurring on the Buccal Mucosa
F - e33-3. Herpes Zoster
F - e33-4. Molluscum Contagiosum
F - e33-5. Bacillary Angiomatosis
F - e33-6. Kaposi Sarcoma-Figure
T - 33-3. Treatment of AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections and Malignancies (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
33-05. HIV Infection & AIDS: Prevention
33-06. HIV Infection & AIDS: Treatment
33-06. HIV Infection & AIDS: Treatment
33-07. HIV Infection & AIDS: Course & Prognosis
F - 33-7. Approach to Monitoring Initial and Subsequent Antiretroviral Therapy
T - 33-6. Pneumocystis Jirovecii Prophylaxis, in Order of Preference
T - 33-7. Antiretroviral Therapy Agents by Class (in Alphabetical Order Within Classes)
T - 33-8. Fixed-Dose Antiretroviral Combinations (Alphabetical Order by Brand Name)
T - 33-9. Recommended and Alternative Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens (Alphabetical Order)
Part 33. HIV Infection & AIDS
Part 34. Viral & Rickettsial Infections
34-01. Overview: Viral & Rickettsial Infections
34-02. Human Herpesviruses
1. Herpesviruses 1 & 2
2. Varicella (Chickenpox) & Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
3. Epstein-Barr Virus & Infectious Mononucleosis
34-02. Human Herpesviruses
4. Other Ebv-Associated Conditions
5. Cytomegalovirus Disease
6. Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, & 8
F - 34-1. Herpetic Whitlow
F - 34-2. Primary Varicella (Chickenpox) Skin Lesions
F - 34-3. Chickenpox (Varicella) with Classic Dew Drop on Rose Petal Appearance
F - e34-1. Conjunctival Hemorrhage of the Eye due to Infectious Mononucleosis
T - 34-1. Agents for Viral Infections (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
T - 34-2. Diagnostic Features of Some Acute Exanthems (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
34-03. Major Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections
34-04. Other Neurotropic Viruses
1. Rabies
2. Arbovirus Encephalitides
3. Japanese Encephalitis
4. Tick-Borne Encephalitis
5. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
6. Prion Diseases
7. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
8. Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)
F - e34-2. Distribution of Major Rabies Virus Variants (Rvvs) Among Mesocarnivores in the United States and Puerto Rico
34-05. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
34-06. Other Systemic Viral Diseases
34-07. Common Viral Respiratory Infections
1. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-Cov-2)
3. Seasonal Influenza
34-07. Common Viral Respiratory Infections
34-08. Adenovirus Infections
4. Avian Influenza
5. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-Cov-1)
6. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-Cov)
T - e34-1. Nih Covid-9 Therapeutic Management of Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-9
T - e34-2. Therapeutic Management of Adults Hospitalized for Covid-9
T - e34-3. SARS-Cov-2 Vaccines with at Least Preliminary Regulatory Authorization and Distribution in at Least One Country, as of May 23, 2022, Using in Part the New York Times Vaccine Tracker
34-09. Poxviruses & Other Exanthematous Viral Infections
34-11. Enteroviruses that Produce Several Syndromes
34-12. Typhus Group
34-13. Spotted Fevers
34-14. Other Rickettsial & Rickettsial-Like Diseases
1. Ehrlichiosis & Anaplasmosis
2. Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetii Infection)
34-15. Kawasaki Disease
F - e34-7. Annual Reported Incidence (Per Million Population) for Erhlichia Chaffeensis in the United States for 2019
F - e34-8. Annual Reported Incidence (Per Million Population) for Anaplasmosis-United States, 2019
Part 34. Viral & Rickettsial Infections
Part 35. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections
35-01. Streptococcal Infections
1. Acute Rheumatic Fever & Scarlet Fever
2. Streptococcal Skin Infections
3. Necrotizing Fasciitis
35-01. Streptococcal Infections
35-02. Enterococcal Infections
4. Other Group A Streptococcal Infections
5. Non-Group A Streptococcal Infections
F - 35-1. Erysipelas of the Face with Edema, Bright Red Erythema, and Serosanguineous Discharge from the Severely Swollen Cheek
F - e35-1. Scarlet Fever
F - e35-2. Necrotizing Fasciitis (Early)
F - e35-3. Necrotizing Fasciitis (Advanced)
F - e35-4. Cellulitis and Abscess of the Finger
F - e35-5. Cellulitis in a Man with Venous Stasis Dermatitis
T - 35-1. Treatment of Common Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs)
35-03. Pneumococcal Infections
35-04. Staphylococcus Aureus Infections
1. Skin & Soft Tissue Infections
2. Osteomyelitis
3. Staphylococcal Bacteremia
4. Toxic Shock Syndrome
5. Infections Caused By Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
F - 35-2. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Abscess on the Back of the Neck
F - 35-3. Marked Desquamation due to Toxic Shock Syndrome, Which Develops Late in the Disease
F - e35-6. Furuncle in a Woman
F - e35-7. Large Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Abscess on the Leg in a 62-Year-Old Man Beginning to Drain Spontaneously
35-05. Clostridial Diseases
35-06. Anthrax
35-07. Diphtheria
35-08. Listeriosis
35-09. Infective Endocarditis
35-09. Infective Endocarditis
35-10. Bordetella Pertussis Infection (Whooping Cough)
35-11. Other Bordetella Infections
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 35-4. Splinter Hemorrhages Appearing as Red Lineal Streaks Under the Nail Plate and Within the Nail Bed, in Endocarditis, Psoriasis-Figure, and Trauma
F - e35-10. Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
F - e35-11. Infective Endocarditis: White-Centered Retinal Hemorrhages (Roth Spots)
F - e35-12. Infective Endocarditis: Subconjunctival Hemorrhages
F - e35-13. Infective Endocarditis: Janeway Lesions
F - e35-9. Large Vegetations of the Mitral Valve Leaflets from Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
35-12. Meningococcal Meningitis
35-15. Legionnaires Disease
35-17. Salmonellosis
35-18. Shigellosis
35-20. Cholera
35-23. Brucellosis
35-24. Tularemia
35-25. Plague
35-26. Gonococcal Infections
35-27. Chancroid
35-31. Anaerobic Infections
1. Head & Neck Infections
2. Chest Infections
3. Central Nervous System
35-31. Anaerobic Infections
4. Intra-Abdominal Infections
5. Female Genital Tract & Pelvic Infections
6. Bacteremia & Endocarditis
7. Skin & Soft Tissue Infections
F - 35-5. Left Foot Gangrene, with Plantar Extension
T - 35-3. Treatment of Anaerobic Intra-Abdominal Infections
35-32. Actinomycosis
35-33. Nocardiosis
35-34. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases
35-36. Tuberculous Meningitis
35-37. Leprosy (Hansen Disease)
35-39. Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections
35-40. Chlamydophila Psittaci & Psittacosis (Ornithosis)
Part 35. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections
Part 36. Spirochetal Infections
36-01. Syphilis: Natural History & Principles of Diagnosis & Treatment
36-03. Clinical Stages of Syphilis
1. Primary Syphilis
2. Secondary Syphilis
3. Latent Syphilis
36-04. Endemic Treponematoses
36-05. Yaws
36-06. Pinta
36-07. Endemic Syphilis (Bejel)
36-08. Relapsing Fever
36-09. Rat-Bite Fever
4. Tertiary (Late) Syphilis
5. Neurosyphilis
6. Syphilis In Patients With HIV Infection
7. Syphilis In Pregnancy
8. Congenital Syphilis
F - 36-1. Primary Syphilis with a Large Chancre on the Glans of the Penis
F - 36-2. A Nonpruritic Rash of Secondary Syphilis on the Abdomen
F - 36-3. Secondary Syphilis Mucous Patch of the Tongue
F - 36-4. Secondary Syphilis Perianal Condylomata Lata
F - 36-5. Ascending Saccular Aneurysm of the Thoracic Aorta in Tertiary Syphilis
F - e36-1. Primary Syphilis with a Chancre over the Lip of a Woman
F - e36-2. Papular Squamous Eruption of the Hands and Feet of a Woman with Secondary Syphilis
F - e36-3. Gumma of the Nose due to Long-Standing Tertiary Syphilis
F - e36-4. Syphilis of the Foot
F - e36-5. Neuropathic Arthropathy (Charcot Joint) from Tertiary Syphilis
T - 36-2. Percentage of Patients with Positive Serologic Tests for Syphilis
T - 36-3. Recommended Treatment for Syphilis
36-10. Leptospirosis
36-11. Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis)
Part 36. Spirochetal Infections
Part 37. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections
37-01. African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
37-02. American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
37-02. American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e37-2. Life Cycle of Trypanosoma Cruzi
F - e37-3. Romachr(241)a Sign
F - e37-4. Thinning of the Ventricular Apex in a Chagasic Heart
F - e37-5. Barium Swallows Showing Different Grades of Megaesophagus in a Patient with Chagas Disease
F - e37-6. Trypanosoma Cruzi Trypomastigote in a Thin Blood Smear Stained with Giemsa
37-03. Leishmaniasis
37-04. Malaria
37-04. Malaria
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 37-2. Thin Film Giemsa-Stained Micrograph with Plasmodium Falciparum Ring Forms
F - e37-10. Thin Film Giemsa-Stained Micrograph with Plasmodium Malariae Trophozoite
F - e37-11. Thin Film Giemsa-Stained Micrograph with Plasmodium Vivax Schizont
F - e37-12. Thin Film Giemsa-Stained Micrograph with Plasmodium Ovale Trophozoite
F - e37-8. Morphologic Characteristics of Developmental Stages of Malarial Parasites in the RBC
F - e37-9. Life Cycle of Plasmodium
Prevention
T - 37-2. WHO Recommendations for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria
T - 37-3. Treatment of Malaria
T - 37-4. Drugs for the Prevention of Malaria in Travelers
T - e37-1. Major Antimalarial Drugs
37-05. Babesiosis
37-06. Toxoplasmosis
37-07. Amebiasis
37-07. Amebiasis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e37-15. Life Cycle of Entamoeba Histolytica
F - e37-16. Trophozoites of Entamoeba Histolytica with Ingested Erythrocytes Stained with Trichrome
F - e37-17. Gross Pathology Showing Intestinal Ulcers due to Amebiasis
T - 37-5. Treatment of E Histolytica Amebiasis
37-08. Infections with Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebas
37-09. Coccidiosis (Cryptosporidiosis, Isosporiasis, Cyclosporiasis, Sarcocystosis) & Microsporidiosis
37-10. Giardiasis
37-12. Trichomoniasis
37-13. Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)
37-14. Fascioliasis
37-15. Clonorchiasis & Opisthorchiasis
37-17. Paragonimiasis
37-18. Noninvasive Cestode Infections
37-19. Invasive Cestode Infections
3. Other Invasive Cestode Infections
37-19. Invasive Cestode Infections
F - e37-30. Life Cycle of Echinococcus
F - e37-31. Chest Film of 19-Year-Old Man Showing a Recently Ruptured Hydatid Cyst in the Right Lung
F - e37-32. Hydatid Cysts in the Liver on CT Scan
F - e37-33. Echinococcosis of the Liver with Hepatobronchial Fistula
37-20. Ascariasis
37-21. Trichuriasis
37-22. Hookworm Disease
37-23. Strongyloidiasis
37-24. Enterobiasis
37-25. Dracunculiasis
37-26. Trichinosis
37-28. Gnathostomiasis
37-30. Cutaneous Larva Migrans (Creeping Eruption)
37-32. Lymphatic Filariasis
37-33. Onchocerciasis
37-33. Onchocerciasis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e37-48. Life Cycle of Onchocerca Volvulus (Blinding Worm)
F - e37-49. Skin Thickening from the Long-Term Effects of Microfilariae of Onchocerca Volvulus-Producing Elephant Skin
F - e37-50. Pretibial Atrophy and Depigmentation-a Characteristic Dermatologic Symptom of Onchocerciasis
F - e37-51. Snowflake Opacities Seen by Slit Lamp Examination in Late-Stage Ophthalmic Onchocerciasis
37-34. Loiasis
Part 37. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections
Part 38. Mycotic Infections
38-01. Overview: Mycotic Infections
38-02. Candidiasis
38-03. Histoplasmosis
38-04. Coccidioidomycosis
38-05. Pneumocystosis (Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia)
38-06. Cryptococcosis
38-07. Aspergillosis
38-08. Mucormycosis
38-08. Mucormycosis
38-09. Blastomycosis
38-10. Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis)
38-11. Sporotrichosis
38-12. Talaromyces (Formerly Penicillium) Marneffei Infections
38-13. Chromoblastomycosis (Chromomycosis)
38-14. Mycetoma (Eumycetoma & Actinomycetoma)
38-15. Emergomycosis
38-16. Other Opportunistic Mold Infections
Essentials of Diagnosis
38-17. Household Molds
Part 38. Mycotic Infections
Part 39. Disorders Related to Environmental Emergencies
39-01. Cold & Heat
39-02. Disorders Due to Heat
39-03. Accidental Systemic Hypothermia
39-04. Hypothermia of the Extremities
39-07. Frostbite
39-07. Frostbite
39-08. Cold Urticaria
F - e39-1. Digital Ischemic Lesions Without Necrotic Tissue Suggestive of Superficial Frostbite Within All of the Toes
F - e39-2. Deep Frostbite, with the First and Second Toes Showing an Ischemic Eschar with Well-Demarcated Borders and Clearcut Margins, and Hemorrhagic Bullae on the Second Toe, the Third Toe Showing a Clear Bulla and Surrounding Erythema, and the Fourth Toe Showing Complete Necrosis
39-09. Drowning
39-10. Thermal Burns
39-10. Thermal Burns
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 39-2. Estimation of Body Surface Area in Burns
F - e39-3. Severely Burned Firefighter Prior to Initial Debridement
F - e39-4. Appearance of Deep Full-Thickness Burn on Abdomen before and after Extensive Debridement
F - e39-5. Successfully Grafted Patient with 40% Total Body Surface Area Burns
F - e39-6. Patient with Burn Wound Sepsis Prior to Surgical Debridement
F - e39-7. Procedure for Secondary Burn Reconstruction
39-11. Electrical Injury
39-12. Radiation Exposure
39-14. Dysbarism & Decompression Sickness
39-15. High-Altitude Illness
Part 39. Disorders Related to Environmental Emergencies
Part 40. Poisoning
40-01. Initial Evaluation: Poisoning or Overdose
40-02. Poisoning or Overdose: The Symptomatic Patient
40-03. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Coma
40-04. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Hypothermia
40-05. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Hypotension
40-06. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Hypertension
40-07. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Arrhythmias
40-08. Poisoning or Overdose-Related Seizures
40-10. Antidotes
40-13. Gastrointestinal Decontamination
40-14. Diagnosis of Poisoning
40-15. Acetaminophen Overdose
40-15. Acetaminophen Overdose
40-16. Acids, Corrosive Poisoning
40-17. Alkalies Poisoning
40-18. Amphetamines & Cocaine Overdose
40-19. Anticoagulants Overdose
40-20. Anticonvulsants Overdose
40-21. Antipsychotic Drugs Overdose
40-22. Arsenic Poisoning
40-23. Atropine & Anticholinergics Overdose
40-24. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Overdose
40-25. Calcium Channel Blockers Overdose
40-26. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
40-27. Chemical Warfare: Nerve Agents
40-28. Chemical Warfare: Ricin
40-29. Chlorinated Insecticides Poisoning
40-30. Clonidine & Other Sympatholytic Antihypertensives Overdose
F - 40-1. Nomogram for Prediction of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Following Acute Overdosage
40-31. Cyanide Poisoning
40-32. Dietary Supplements & Herbal Products Overdose
40-32. Dietary Supplements & Herbal Products Overdose
40-33. Digitalis & Other Cardiac Glycosides Overdose
40-34. Ethanol, Benzodiazepines, & Other Sedative-Hypnotic Agents Overdose
40-35. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Overdose
40-36. Hypoglycemic Drugs Overdose
40-37. Iron Overdose
40-38. Isoniazid Overdose
40-39. Lead Poisoning
40-40. Lithium Poisoning
40-41. LSD & Other Hallucinogens Overdose
40-42. Marijuana & Synthetic Cannabinoids
40-43. Mercury Poisoning
40-44. Methanol & Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
40-45. Methemoglobinemia-Inducing Agents Poisoning
40-46. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Overdose
T - 40-7. Examples of Potential Toxicity Associated with Some Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
40-47. Mushroom Poisoning
40-47. Mushroom Poisoning
40-48. Opiate & Opioid Overdose
40-49. Paraquat Poisoning
40-50. Pesticides: Cholinesterase Inhibitors Poisoning
40-51. Petroleum Distillates & Solvents Poisoning
40-52. Quinidine & Related Antiarrhythmics Overdose
40-53. Salicylates Overdose
T - e40-2. Poisonous Mushrooms (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
40-54. Seafood Poisonings
40-58. Tricyclic & Other Antidepressants Overdose
Part 40. Poisoning
Part 41. Cancer
41-01. Introduction to Cancer
41-02. The Paraneoplastic Syndromes
41-03. Bronchogenic Carcinoma
41-03. Bronchogenic Carcinoma
41-04. Pulmonary Metastasis
F - 41-1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Figure of the Right Lung on Chest Radiograph (A) and CT Scan (B)
T - 41-4. Five-Year Survival Rates for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Based on Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) Staging
T - 41-5. Median Survival for Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Following Treatment
41-05. Mesothelioma
41-07. Carcinoma of the Biliary Tract
41-08. Carcinoma of the Pancreas & Ampulla of Vater
41-09. Esophageal Cancer
41-09. Esophageal Cancer
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e41-1. An Ulcerated Mass with Submucosal Extension is Visible in the Mid-Esophagus Amidst Columnar Epithelium (Barrett Esophagus)
F - e41-2. An Exophytic Mass in Visualized in the Distal Esophagus
F - e41-3. In the Mid-Esophagus is a Near Circumferential Mass with Luminal Narrowing
41-10. Gastric Adenocarcinoma
41-11. Gastric Lymphoma
41-13. Gastrointestinal Mesenchymal Tumors
41-15. Colorectal Cancer
41-15. Colorectal Cancer
41-16. Carcinoma of the Anus
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - e41-7. Colonic Adenocarcinoma that is Circumferential and Narrowing the Lumen
F - e41-8. Near Circumferential Adenocarcinoma of Cecum Invading into Terminal Ileum
T - 41-6. Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Based on 202 USPSTF and 208 American Cancer Society Recommendations
41-17. Prostate Cancer
41-17. Prostate Cancer
41-18. Bladder Cancer
41-19. Cancers of the Ureter & Renal Pelvis
Essentials of Diagnosis
F - 41-2. An Algorithm for Prostate Cancer Early Detection
F - e41-10. Patterns of Prostate Cancer According to the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference on Gleason System
F - e41-9. Prostate Mpmri Showing an Anterior Lesion Visible on T2 and Diffusion Weighted Sequences; Such Images Can Assist in Prostate Cancer Detection and Characterization
T - 41-7. Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men with PSA 4
T - 41-8. Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer
41-20. Renal Cell Carcinoma
41-23. Testicular Cancers (Germ Cell Tumors)
41-25. Cancer-Related Spinal Cord Compression
41-26. Malignant Effusions
41-27. Cancer-Related Hypercalcemia
41-28. Hyperuricemia & Tumor Lysis Syndrome
41-29. Infections in Cancer Patients
41-31. Toxicity & Dose Modification of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Part 41. Cancer
Part 42. Genetic & Genomic Disorders
42-01. Overview: Genetic & Genomic Disorders
42-02. Genes & Chromosomes
42-05. Genes in Families
42-05. Genes in Families
42-06. Genetics in Disorders of Multifactorial Causation
F - e42-3. A Pedigree Illustrating Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
F - e42-4. A Pedigree Illustrating Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
F - e42-5. A Pedigree Illustrating X-Linked Inheritance
F - e42-6. Mitochondrial (maternal) Inheritance
42-07. Chromosomal Aberrations
42-10. Cytogenetics & Cytogenomics
42-11. Biochemical Genetics
42-13. Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders
42-14. Neoplasia: Cytogenomic & Dna Analysis
42-16. Acute Intermittent Porphyria
42-16. Acute Intermittent Porphyria
42-17. Down Syndrome
42-18. Familial Hypercholesterolemia
42-19. Fragile X Syndrome
42-20. Gaucher Disease
42-21. Disorders of Homocysteine Metabolism
42-22. Klinefelter Syndrome
42-23. Marfan Syndrome
T - 42-1. Some of the unsafe and probably Safe Drugs Used in the Treatment of Acute Porphyrias
42-24. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
42-24. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
F - e42-7. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias (HHT): Multiple Diffuse Telangiectasias are Noted in the Stomach of this Patient who Had Epistaxis, Persistent Iron Deficiency Anemia-Figure, and Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations, as Well as a Strong Family History of HHT
F - e42-8. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias: Note that the Telangiectasias Have Been Treated with Argon Plasma Photocoagulation
42-25. Selected Pharmacogenetic Tests: Clinical Relevance
Part 42. Genetic & Genomic Disorders
Part 43. Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
43-01. General Approach to Musculoskeletal Injuries
43-02. Musculoskeletal Injuries of the Shoulder
43-03. Spine Problems
43-04. Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries
43-05. Musculoskeletal Injuries of the Hip
43-06. Musculoskeletal Injuries of the Knee
1. Knee Pain
2. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
3. Collateral Ligament Injury
4. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
5. Meniscus Injuries
6. Patellofemoral Pain
7. Knee Osteoarthritis
T - 43-4. Differential Diagnosis of Knee Pain
T - 43-5. Location of Common Causes of Knee Pain
T - 43-6. Knee Examination
43-07. Ankle Injuries
43-08. Educational Materials for Nonsurgical Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
Part 43. Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
Part 44. Sexual & Gender Minority Health
44-01. Health Care for Sexual & Gender Minority Patients
44-02. Health Care for Lesbian & Bisexual Women
44-03. Health Care for Gay & Bisexual Men
44-04. Health Care for Transgender & Gender Diverse People
44-04. Health Care for Transgender & Gender Diverse People
T - 44-2. Feminizing Hormone Therapy
T - 44-3. Masculinizing Hormone Therapy
T - 44-4. Laboratory Monitoring for Feminizing Hormone Therapy
T - 44-5. Laboratory Monitoring for Masculinizing Hormone Therapy
T - 44-6. Gender-Affirming Procedures
T - e44-1. Laboratory Reference Range Adjustments for Feminizing Hormone Therapy
Terminology
Part 44. Sexual & Gender Minority Health
Part E1. Anti-Infective Chemotherapeutic & Antibiotic Agents
e1-01. Penicillins
e1-02. Cephalosporins
e1-03. Other Beta-Lactam Medications
e1-04. Erythromycin Group (Macrolides)
e1-05. Tetracycline Group
e1-07. Aminoglycosides
e1-09. Lefamulin
e1-13. Sulfonamides & Antifolate Medications
e1-14. Sulfones
e1-15. Specialized Medications Used Against Bacteria: Bacitracin, Mupirocin, Clindamycin, Metronidazole & Tinidazole, Vancomycin, Bezlotoxumab
e1-20. Quinolones
e1-22. Urinary Antiseptics
e1-23. Antifungal Medications
e1-24. Antiviral Chemotherapy
Part E1. Anti-Infective Chemotherapeutic & Antibiotic Agents
Part E2. Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision Making
e2-01. Overview: Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision Making
e2-02. Benefits, Risks, & Costs of Diagnostic Tests
e2-03. Diagnostic Test Preparation
e2-04. Diagnostic Test Characteristics
Accuracy
e2-04. Diagnostic Test Characteristics
F - e2-1. Relationship Between Accuracy and Precision in Diagnostic Tests
F - e2-2. The Reference Interval is Usually Defined as Within 2 SD of the Mean Test Result (Shown as 2 and 2) in a Small Population of Healthy Volunteers
F - e2-3. Hypothetical Distribution of Test Results for Healthy and Diseased Individuals
F - e2-4. Calculation of Sensitivity, Specificity, and Probability of Disease after a Positive Test (Posttest Probability)
F - e2-5. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curves for PSA and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Interfering Factors
Precision
Reference Interval
Sensitivity & Specificity
Sigma Metrics
T - e2-2. Properties of Useful Diagnostic Tests
T - e2-3. Relationship Between the Number of Tests and the Probability that a Healthy Person Will Have One or More Abnormal Results
T - e2-4. The 2 x 2 Table (Disease Versus Test) and Test Performance Metric Calculation Formulas
e2-05. Use of Tests in Diagnosis & Management
e2-05. Use of Tests in Diagnosis & Management
F - e2-6. Effect of Pretest Probability and Test Sensitivity and Specificity on the Posttest Probability of Disease
T - e2-5. Influence of Pretest Probability on the Posttest Probability of Disease When a Test with 90% Sensitivity and 90% Specificity is Used
e2-06. Likelihood Ratios & Odds-Probability Conversion in Medical Decision-Making
Decision Analysis
e2-06. Likelihood Ratios & Odds-Probability Conversion in Medical Decision-Making
Evidence-Based Medicine
F - e2-10. Threshold Approach Applied to Test Ordering
F - e2-11. Generic Tree for a Clinical Decision Where the Choices are: (1) to Treat the Patient Empirically, (2) to Do the Test and Then Treat Only if the Test is Positive, or (3) to Withhold Therapy
F - e2-7. Nomogram for Determining Posttest Probability from Pretest Probability and LRs
F - e2-8. Formulas for Converting Between Probability and Odds
F - e2-9. The Treat/Don't Treat Threshold
Sequential Testing
T - e2-6. Interval LRs for Serum Ferritin as a Test for Iron Deficiency Anemia
T - e2-7. Examples of LRs
Threshold Approach to Decision Making
Part E2. Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision Making
Part E3. Information Technology in Patient Care
Part E4. Podiatric Disorders
e4-01. Bunion
e4-03. Hallux Limitus
e4-04. Fifth Metatarsal Fracture
e4-06. Onychocryptosis (Ingrown Nail)
e4-07. Achilles Tendonitis
e4-10. Flatfoot (Pes Planus)
e4-10. Flatfoot (Pes Planus)
e4-11. Callosities & Corns of Feet or Toes
F - E4-6. Weight-Bearing Examination of Collapse of the Medial Longitudinal Arch and the Foot in a Pronated Position
F - E4-7. Too Many Toes Sign with the Forefoot Abduction Where the Lesser Toes are Visible Laterally
F - E4-8. Single Heel Raise Examination with the Heel Raised Off the Weight-Bearing Surface
F - E4-9. A Weight-Bearing Lateral Radiograph of a Foot
Staging
Part E4. Podiatric Disorders
Part E5. Women's Health Issues
e5-01. Overview: Women's Health Issues
e5-02. Preventive Health Care in Women
e5-03. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women
e5-04. Cancer Prevention in Women
e5-05. Osteoporosis Prevention in Women
e5-06. Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women
e5-06. Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women
e5-07. Depression Screening & Prevention in Women
Male Condom Use to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections
Pharmacologic Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Screening For Sexually Transmitted Infections
Special Considerations For Sexual Assault Victims
Vaccines to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections
e5-08. Intimate Partner Violence
e5-09. Human Trafficking
e5-10. Eating Disorders in Women
1. Female Athlete Triad Disorder
2. Disordered Eating In Women With Diabetes Mellitus
3. Binge Eating Disorder
e5-10. Eating Disorders in Women
e5-11. Sexuality & Sexual Health in Women
e5-12. Low Sexual Desire in Women
e5-13. Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women
e5-14. Mastalgia
e5-15. The Palpable Breast Mass
e5-16. Asymptomatic Ovarian Masses
e5-17. Female Pattern Hair Loss
Part E5. Women's Health Issues
Part E6. Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Laboratory Reference Intervals, & Commonly Used Blood Specimen Collection Tubes
Front Matter
