Skyscape Web Viewer : Yao & Artusio's Anesthesiology: Problem-Oriented Patient Management : Main Index

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See Automated percutaneous discectomy (APD) B.4. What are some of other approaches in minimally invasive interventions? See Automated percutaneous discectomy (APD)
Apert syndrome
Apfel scoring system, for PONV D.1. What are the common causes of nausea and vomiting in outpatients? D.2. How would you pharmacologically prevent PONV in the susceptible ambulatory patient?
Apgar Scoring System
Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) A.1. Approximately how many pediatric tonsillectomies are performed in the United States each year? What are the indications for tonsillectomy? A.4. How is OSA diagnosed? What is a sleep study or polysomnography? How are the results obtained from polysomnography used to grade the severity of OSA? What are the subtypes of OSA? Are there genetic disorders with a predisposition to OSA? What is the role of OSA screening tests in the preoperative setting?
Apnea spells
Apnea
Appendicitis/appendectomy, in pregnant patient
aPPT. See Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPPT)
Aprepitant B.5. Would you premedicate this patient? B.6. Describe the mechanism of action of each premedication in the ENERGY protocol. D.2. How would you pharmacologically prevent PONV in the susceptible ambulatory patient?
APRV (airway pressure release ventilation)
Aqueous humor A.2. What are the determinants of intraocular pressure (IOP) under normal circumstances? What is the normal range? What was the expected IOP in this patient's injured eye? A.3. How is aqueous humor formed and eliminated?
See Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) A.14. What is the mechanism of action of the major antihypertensive drugs? A.16. Does chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition influence anesthetic induction? A.4. What is the natural history and medical management of thoracic aneurysms? B.10. What instructions should the patient be given with regard to continuing or discontinuing lisinopril in the perioperative period? B.2. Would you discontinue any antihypertensive drugs or any medications for angina? B.3. Should all or any of the chronic medications be discontinued before the operation? B.6. How should the patient's other medications be managed before surgery? B.7. If the patient who is on lisinopril develops hypotension intraoperatively, how would you manage it? See Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Arch aortic aneurysms endovascular repair - C.5. How are endovascular repairs of TAAAs performed? open repair - C.2. How is open repair of thoracic aneurysms performed? surgical approaches
ARDS
See Acute renal failure (ARF) A.13. What causes rheumatic heart disease? B.5. How would you measure creatinine clearance in this patient, and what is its value in this case? C.11. How will systemic oxygenation be monitored during OLV? C.11. What are the complications associated with any blood transfusion? C.8. Because this case involves an infrarenal aneurysm, is renal blood flow affected with placement of the cross-clamp? If an endovascular repair is chosen, what are the risks to the kidneys? Are there any treatment maneuvers that can be taken to minimize these risks in either repair? D.3. You are called to see this patient in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) because of oliguria. How would you evaluate and treat this patient? D.4. Discuss the causes of oliguria in PACU. D.4. If this patient had a crush injury and low urine output, what other concerns might you have? What if the patient has dark or "tea-colored" urine?
Arm, sympathetic nerve supply to
Arndt blockers
Arrhythmia awake craniotomy in patients with CABG indications in malignant hyperthermia and pos-heart transplantation subarachnoid hemorrhage and succinylcholine and
Arterial-alveolar difference, in carbon dioxide A.21. Show some common capnograms and provide a differential diagnosis of each event. A.22. What is the arterial-end tidal difference in carbon dioxide (CO2)?
Arterial blood gases (ABGs) in aortic aneurysm evaluation in asthmatic attacks in burn patients in cardiac tamponade in lung cancer in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in pediatric patients, normal in preterm infants, with acidosis in pyloric stenosis in respiratory distress syndrome interpretation of umbilical (neonatal)
Arterial catheter in bariatric surgery in burn patients - C.2. What information can be obtained from an arterial catheter and a pulmonary artery catheter? How are these calculations performed? in lung resection in robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery - C.13. Is an arterial catheter necessary? Why? Does end-tidal CO2 (Etco2) tension accurately reflect arterial CO2 tension? Under what circumstances can the Etco2 exceed the Paco2? Why? placement, complications of - C.1. Would you use an arterial catheter? What are the complications of arterial catheter placement?
Arterial line in abdominal aorta aneurysm surgery in airway trauma in infant with congenital heart disease and cervical mass in kidney transplantation - C.1. Are a central venous pressure (CVP) catheter, an arterial catheter, and a pulmonary artery catheter required for the transplant procedure? in myasthenia gravis in robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery in robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery - C.13. Is an arterial catheter necessary? Why? Does end-tidal CO2 (Etco2) tension accurately reflect arterial CO2 tension? Under what circumstances can the Etco2 exceed the Paco2? Why?
Arterial switch operation (ASO), for transposition of immediate post-CPB issues following intermediate and long-term surgical problems after long-term neurologic outcome of long-term outcomes of - D.4. What are the long-term outcomes after ASO? myocardial ischemia following the great arteries
See Carotid artery disease A.2. What is the prevalence of carotid artery disease? See Carotid artery disease
Arteriovenous difference of oxygen content (AVDO2)
Artificial disc replacement
See Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm open repair - C.2. How is open repair of thoracic aneurysms performed? surgical approaches
Ascites differential diagnosis preoperative management of preoperative paracentesis for
See Atrial septal defect (ASD) A.10. What is the differential diagnosis of d-TGA and how is the diagnosis made? A.3. What additional cardiac lesions are associated with d-TGA? A.5. What is the pathophysiology of d-TGA? A.6. What other congenital anomalies are usually associated with CDH? B.7. What surgical options are available for the treatment of disc disease or lumbar spinal stenosis?