Skyscape Web Viewer : Yao & Artusio's Anesthesiology: Problem-Oriented Patient Management : Main Index

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PE
Phenoxybenzamine A.14. What is the mechanism of action of the major antihypertensive drugs? B.14. What is the pharmacologic management of CRPS? B.2. How do you pharmacologically prepare the patient with a pheochromocytoma for surgery? D.1. What is the significance of postoperative hypotension? How is it treated?
Phentolamine A.14. What is the mechanism of action of the major antihypertensive drugs? B.15. What is the role of intravenous regional block (Bier block) in diagnosis and treatment of CRPS? C.10. During the surgery, the blood pressure increases to 220/120 mm Hg. How would you treat the hypertension? C.4. What drugs are used to control the effects of catecholamine stimulation during surgery?
Phenylephrine
Physical therapy A.2. What are the nonsurgical treatment options for back pain? B.1. What are the noninterventional treatments available? B.13. How will you treat this patient? B.2. What interventional treatments are available and how should they be used? D.1. What are the various nonpharmacologic techniques of cancer pain management? D.2. What physical modalities have been successful in cancer pain management? G.2. What is the adjunctive medical therapy for ARDS? H.3. How will you recognize when the patient is ready for tracheal extubation?
pH
See Postictal agitation (PIA) D.1. The patient is extremely agitated upon emergence. Discuss the risk factors for postictal agitation (PIA) as well as the therapeutic options. Dexmedetomidine Electroconvulsive Therapy Ketamine Midazolam Propofol Succinylcholine
See Peak inspiratory pressures, in intraoperative bronchospasm (PIPs) B.1. How would you interpret the following arterial blood gas analysis: pH, 7.20; Paco2, 55 mm Hg; Pao2, 35 mm Hg; and CO2 content, 19 mEq/L? How would you correct this? B.2. What immediate treatment should be given to improve respiratory status preoperatively?
Placental abruption A.10. What are some of the complications associated with preeclampsia? A.2. What is your differential diagnosis for this patient's antepartum hemorrhage? A.3. How would you quickly differentiate and diagnose the most urgent, concerning, and likely etiologies of this patient's antepartum bleeding? A.5. What is HELLP syndrome? A.8. What are the risk factors of this patient for the development of placental abruption? A.9. Discuss the pathologic alterations of preeclampsia. A.9. How is placental abruption managed, and what complications can be associated with placental abruption? A.9. What is the incidence of trauma during pregnancy, and what are the risks to the mother and the fetus secondary to trauma? C.10. If this patient had a massive blood loss, what blood replacement therapy would be indicated? C.15. Significant intraoperative blood loss required the transfusion of 8 units of type-specific, crossmatched packed RBCs (pRBCs). This patient had generalized oozing in the surgical site and hematuria. What is your differential diagnosis? C.17. Define amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) syndrome and discuss treatment. Placenta Previa/Placenta Accreta Spectrum
PLDD. See Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD)
See Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) A.4. How are minor, major, and complex spine surgeries classified? B.7. What surgical options are available for the treatment of disc disease or lumbar spinal stenosis?
See Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) A.6. What are the potential sources of pain in the spine? A.7. What is the anatomy of the intervertebral discs? What is the mechanism of pain from herniated discs?
PMI
See Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) A.3. Is there a link to a decline in memory and thinking with anesthesia and surgery? D.4. What is postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)? How does this differ from delirium, and what is the time course to resolution?
Pneumothorax
See Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) A.3. Is there a link to a decline in memory and thinking with anesthesia and surgery? D.4. What is postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)? How does this differ from delirium, and what is the time course to resolution? D.5. What are the mechanisms and risk factors for POCD? How would you mitigate the risk of POCD? Does the anesthetic technique influence the development of POCD? Dexmedetomidine Meperidine Metoclopramide Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and Geriatric Anesthesia
PONV
Popliteal nerve block C.10. Why does a popliteal nerve block have a high failure rate if performed too proximal to the popliteal fossa when using a landmark/nerve stimulator technique? Describe how this can be avoided when using ultrasound-guided popliteal block. Nerve Blocks of the Lower Extremity
See Craniotomy A.6. Are there any issues specific to posterior cranial fossa pathology? B.1. What are the special considerations in the preoperative evaluation of the patient scheduled for posterior fossa craniotomy? B.5. What are the principal disadvantages associated with the common posterior fossa craniotomy positions? Brain Tumor and Craniotomy C.14. Are there any measures you can take to prevent VAE? C.3. Would you monitor for venous air embolism (VAE)? What are the monitoring options? See Craniotomy
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) Acupuncture Ambulatory Surgery B.1. What is an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program? What are the core tenets of these programs? B.11. What is an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, and how would you apply it in the outpatient setting? B.15. Is there any way to rapidly antagonize a profound nondepolarizing block? B.5. Would you premedicate this patient? C.5. What is your plan for maintenance of anesthesia? What other medications might you want to give? C.8. What components of ERAS are applied in the intraoperative phase of the care of patients undergoing CRS? D.3. What is the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)? D.3. What would you do before tracheal extubation of this patient? Metoclopramide Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery
See Tonsillectomy, hemorrhage after A.5. What is the incidence of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage? A.6. What are the risk factors for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage? Does age matter? A.7. Describe the morbidity and mortality of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. D.1. Is postoperative management in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) indicated? If this was an uncomplicated adenotonsillectomy, what are the suggested criteria for planned admission? Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage See Tonsillectomy, hemorrhage after
Posture A.11. What are the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis? A.12. Define neutral and critical temperatures. What are these values in the preterm neonate, in the term neonate, and in the adult? Discuss temperature regulation in the neonate. A.2. What are the determinants of intraocular pressure (IOP) under normal circumstances? What is the normal range? What was the expected IOP in this patient's injured eye? A.5. What are the risk factors for low back pain? A.6. What are the potential sources of pain in the spine? Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease B.1. What are the noninterventional treatments available? B.4. What are the options for patient positioning during posterior fossa surgery? B.7. How are FRC and CC affected by age and posture? How are they affected by general anesthesia? C.11. What is the effect on cardiopulmonary, renal, and central nervous system (CNS) functions of excessive absorption of irrigation solution during TURP? C.4. How would you maintain the patient's body temperature?
Potassium levels A.4. What is the mechanism of action of succinylcholine, and how is it metabolized? What are the side effects of succinylcholine? B.1. How should this patient be evaluated? C.19. What intraoperative signs suggest that the hepatic graft is working? C.2. What are the considerations for induction of anesthesia? C.8. How would you approach diuretic therapy? C.9. What laboratory tests should be ordered during the resuscitation of this patient?
PPH
See Pacemakers, permanent (PPMs) A.1. What are the indications for permanent pacemakers (PPMs)? A.12. What are the usual lifespans of PPMs and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs)? A.13. What is a leadless PPM? How does it work? A.14. What is an ICD? How does it work? What is a subcutaneous ICD? A.2. What is sick sinus syndrome? What is chronotropic incompetence? A.6. How many modes of pacing are available in modern PPMs? How do they work? What is the difference between DDD pacing and DDI pacing? A.7. The patient was mechanically hyperventilated during surgery, and her pacemaker gradually increased her heart rate. Is the pacemaker malfunctioning? A.9. What are the indications for, and complications associated with, AV sequential PPMs? B.7. Would you recommend reprogramming this device to asynchronously pace before surgery? What would you recommend regarding the ICD functions of the device? Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices See Pacemakers, permanent (PPMs)
See Dabigatran A.3. Does the patient's atrial fibrillation need to be addressed prior to surgery, and if so, how? B.1. What is dabigatran (Pradaxa)? How is its effect measured? How far in advance of elective surgery should it be stopped? Can its effect be reversed? Nerve Blocks of the Lower Extremity
Prazosin A.14. What is the mechanism of action of the major antihypertensive drugs? B.14. What is the pharmacologic management of CRPS? B.2. How do you pharmacologically prepare the patient with a pheochromocytoma for surgery?
Prednisone A.7. What treatments are available for a patient with MG? Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease B.15. The patient was on 20 mg of prednisone per day for 5 days as part of the treatment of an asthma exacerbation 3 months ago. He is currently not on corticosteroids. Should the patient receive "stress-dose" corticosteroids? B.3. How are routine medications and immunosuppressive medications managed in the perioperative period? B.3. What are the preoperative concerns of induction immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy? D.10. How would you manage this patient in the intensive care unit? D.2. What are immunosuppressive agents, and how do they affect anesthetic care? Dexamethasone
Preeclampsia
Pregnancy