Skyscape Web Viewer : Yao & Artusio's Anesthesiology: Problem-Oriented Patient Management : Main Index

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Prematurity
Preterm birth A.16. What tests and/or interventions can improve neonatal outcome of a preterm birth? A.5. What is the incidence of placenta previa, and what are the associated conditions? B.1. What would you discuss with this patient preoperatively? Are any additional medical consultations warranted? C.8. What is the impact of nonobstetric surgery on maternal mortality, birth defects, and fetal loss? What factors influence it? Dexamethasone Magnesium Placenta Previa/Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Preterm infants
Procaine B.11. What factors determine the onset, potency, and duration of local anesthetic block? C.2. What is the systemic toxicity of local anesthetics?
Propofol
Prostate gland
Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) B.1. What is dabigatran (Pradaxa)? How is its effect measured? How far in advance of elective surgery should it be stopped? Can its effect be reversed? C.9. Two hours later, estimated blood loss (EBL) is approximately 2 L and the patient has been resuscitated with 3 units of packed red blood cells (pRBCs), 229 mL intraoperative cell salvage (cell saver), and 500 mL albumin in addition to 4 L crystalloid. The surgeon says the field is still "oozy" and there is ongoing blood loss. What are your concerns for resuscitation moving forward? How will you guide your resuscitation? Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
See Postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) A.5. What other conditions are associated with orofacial clefts? C.10. What hemodynamic changes are expected after removal of vascular clamps? What is postreperfusion syndrome?
See Polysomnography (PSG) A.1. What medical problems exist with this patient? The patient asks you if he is "high risk." What is the evidence? Is surgical therapy a safe and viable alternative for this patient? A.4. How is OSA diagnosed? What is a sleep study or polysomnography? How are the results obtained from polysomnography used to grade the severity of OSA? What are the subtypes of OSA? Are there genetic disorders with a predisposition to OSA? What is the role of OSA screening tests in the preoperative setting? Morbid Obesity, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Bariatric Anesthesia
PS
See Posttetanic count (PTC) B.10. What is the posttetanic count (PTC)? B.8. What are the effects of succinylcholine on ICP? What is the significance of the effect, if any? Postoperative Residual Neuromuscular Weakness and Prolonged Apnea
See Personal Therapy Manager (PTM) C.6. What is a Personal Therapy Manager (PTM), and what role does it play in neuraxial pain relief? Cancer Pain
PT
Pulmonary artery catheterization C.2. What various monitors are available for myocardial ischemia? Is a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) helpful in determining the occurrence of ischemia? C.3. What additional monitors would you employ? C.4. Should the patient have a PA catheter placed before induction? C.4. Would you place invasive monitors such as a central venous catheter (CVC), pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), and/or an intra-arterial catheter? G.2. What is the adjunctive medical therapy for ARDS?
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH)
Pulmonary artery pressure A.5. Draw the pressure/time curves for the LV, left atrium (LA), pulmonary artery (PA), and aorta for a normal patient and for patients with each of the four valvular lesions. A.5. How do you make a diagnosis of right-to-left shunting through a patent ductus arteriosus? A.6. Describe the cardiovascular physiology of patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). A.6. What is Pickwickian syndrome? What is obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)? Describe the pathogenesis of severe OSA. C.1. How would you monitor this patient? C.23. How would you recognize a CO2 embolism during laparoscopy? How does this differ from an air embolism? Why should N2O be discontinued during suspected embolization? Will N2O increase the size of CO2 emboli? C.3. Would you monitor for venous air embolism (VAE)? What are the monitoring options? C.5. What hemodynamic changes are frequently associated with opening the pericardial space? C.6. What monitors and devices would you apply to the patient? Why? C.8. How would you deal with problems related to clamping of the pulmonary artery? C.9. How would you manage fluid therapy for patients with hypertension?
Pulmonary atresia A.1. What is TOF? A.10. What definitive surgical procedures are available for treating patients with TOF/PS? A.11. What palliative and definitive surgical procedures are available for patients with TOF with pulmonary atresia? A.2. What are the associated cardiovascular defects in 22q11 deletion syndrome? A.4. What is the pathophysiology of TOF with pulmonary atresia? A.6. What is a "pink Tet"? aminosalicylate Sodium B.2. Which other abnormalities need to be considered in this patient? Prostaglandin Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair C.4. What is the pathophysiology of aortic clamping and unclamping? C.7. What are the hemodynamic changes of aortic cross-clamp placement? What efforts can be made to minimize these changes both before and during cross-clamping? If the patient develops ST-segment depressions with a rising pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) during cross-clamp, what maneuvers should be taken? Nicardipine Nitroglycerin
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary function tests A.1. What are the causes and expected manifestations of interstitial lung disease in this patient, and why is he a transplant candidate? A.9. Describe the changes that occur in the following respiratory parameters in patients with MO. B.1. How would you assess this patient preoperatively? B.1. How would you evaluate the patient preoperatively? What preoperative workup would you order? B.1. What should be included in your preoperative evaluation? Which preoperative tests would you order? B.2. What preoperative laboratory data are required? B.3. What laboratory tests should be performed preoperatively? Brachial Plexus Block
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary stenosis A.1. What is TOF? A.10. What is the differential diagnosis of d-TGA and how is the diagnosis made? A.2. What is the pathophysiology of TOF/PS? A.8. What palliative surgical procedures are available for treating patients with TOF/PS? A.9. What classifications help predict an individual pregnant person's cardiac risk? D.3. What intermediate- and long-term surgical problems are seen after ASO? D.5. What are the long-term outcomes after Rastelli repair for patients with d-TGA with left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction? Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) A.5. What is the pathophysiology of d-TGA? A.6. Describe the cardiovascular physiology of patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). B.1. Interpret and explain the pathophysiologic basis for this patient's hemodynamic findings. C.17. What is the net effect of pneumoperitoneum, hypercarbia, and steep Trendelenburg on the cardiovascular system? C.2. How would you induce and maintain anesthesia? C.5. What is the effect of inhalation anesthetics on airway reflexes, myocardial contractility, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in children? Fentanyl Heart Transplantation and Subsequent Noncardiac Surgery Midazolam Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulse pressure hypertension
Pulse wave transit time (EsCCO)
Pulsus paradoxus A.8. What is the Beck triad? Describe the typical signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. A.9. Define pulsus paradoxus, and describe its pathophysiology.
PVR
Pyloric stenosis
Pyloromyotomy
Pyridostigmine, for myasthenia gravis